长寿命BOD微生物传感器的研究

本研究将从淀粉厂活性污泥中分离筛选出的一种性能优良的腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Cereus)用高分子等材料包埋制成薄膜,与氧电极组合成BOD传感器。经对其技术性能进行测试表明,间断使用寿命已达16个月以上;对BOD标准物质线性响应范围5—60mg/L;响应时间不大于8min;测定环境标样平均误差1％,变异系数5.1;与BOD_5经典法同步测定废水样品结果相关性良好。     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水的研究

曝气物滤池使用了新型的粒状填料,能同时发挥生物降解,过滤和吸附等多种功能。实验结果表明：曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水效果较好,当ＣＯＤ容积负荷为１０ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,在０．８ｍ／ｈ、１．４ｍ／ｈ和２．５ｍ／ｈ３种不同水力负荷下ＣＯＤ的出水度分别在５９ｍｇ／Ｌ、８２ｍｇ／Ｌ和５１ｍｇ／Ｌ以下;     

水力空化技术的研究及其应用

水力空化是一种新的水处理技术.作为一种新技术,水力空化已经应用于化学和环境领域.本文阐述了水力空化的机理,包括空化的产生、发展及溃灭的过程,并提出了空泡溃灭时产生的高温高压是水处理过程中的能量来源.研究了影响水力空化的因素,介绍了其在国内外的研究进展,以及水力空化的动力学基础,指出了该领域目前存在的问题以及以后的研究方向,对进一步深入研究空化现象及应用有一定的参考作用.     

东亚三角涡虫监测水体重金属污染的可行性研究

随着现代工、农业的快速发展,水体重金属污染已成为全球性的环境问题。对水体重金属污染的现状、来源、危害以及监测方法进行了介绍,并探讨了生物监测技术的优越性。在前人的研究基础上,结合本实验室工作,提出利用东亚三角涡虫(Dugesiaojapoice)作为水体重金属污染监测指示生物的可行性,并对更为灵敏的生物标志物的策略和实验方案进行了展望。     

天津市中心城区集中供应管网末梢水的抗生素耐药基因污染特征研究

为了研究天津市中心城区集中供应管网末梢水的抗生素耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)污染特征,采集了天津市中心城区6个采样点的管网末梢水样,分别采用微孔滤膜正压过滤法及核酸吸附-洗脱法富集水中细菌和胞外核酸后,利用实时定量PCR技术对15种胞内ARGs和胞外ARGs进行定量检测....     

中药抗菌剂对费氏弧菌的单一及联合毒性效应

抗生素滥用所导致的环境问题日益受到人们的关注,寻找传统抗生素的可能替代品迫在眉睫.从中药中提取的具有抗菌活性的化合物(简称中药抗菌剂)因具有资源丰富、抗菌谱广和不良反应低等特点,有望成为未来替代抗生素的关键.因此,有必要探究中药抗菌剂的毒性效应,这可以对未来中药抗菌剂使用后的生态风险提供指导.本文以费氏弧菌作为模式生物...     

Multivariate characterization of elements accumulated in Wolfiporia extensa mushroom from Yunnan province of China

ABSTRACT

Dried sclerotia of Wolfiporia extensa have been used as medicine in Asia from Eastern Han Dynasty, and also used as traditional snack called “fulingjiabing” in Beijing, China. In this paper, 18 macro and trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn) in both flesh and peel of Wolfiporia extensa from seven sites of Yunnan province in China were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The average recovery rates of certified reference materials for GBW10015 (spinach leaves) ranged from 90.5 to 113%, for GBW10028 (citrus leaves) from 92.8 to 106%, and for GBW07603 (bush branch and leaves) from 83.3 to 114.6%. Generally speaking, the concentration of all elements determined was at common level. The results of this survey indicate that mineral compositions in peel were higher than in flesh. In peel, the contents of investigated trace metals in mushroom samples were found to be in the range of 1,660–13,400 µg·g^?1 dry matter (dm) for Fe and 29.6–710 µg·g^?1 dm for Mn. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Rb, V, and Zn in peel were between 10 and 20 µg·g^?1 dm, followed by As, Co, Li, Ni, Pb, Se, and Sr with mean contents between 1 and 10 µg·g^?1 dm, while Ag, Cd, and Cs had mean contents of <1 µg·g^?1 dm. In flesh, the concentration of Fe was in the range of 54–900 µg·g^?1 dm, and it was 1.5–49 µg·g^?1 dm for Mn, followed by Ba, Cu, Rb, and Zn in the range of 1 to 10 µg·g^?1 dm, while for Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Li, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and V it was <1 µg·g^?1 dm. The concentration of toxic elements, such as As, Cd, and Pb, in both flesh and peel was below the permissible limits of World Health Organization. However, As and Pb contents in peel were higher than the limits permitted in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results of principal component analysis showed that the flesh of Wolfiporia extensa from all the seven sites of the Yunnan province tend to cluster together, most probably because the origin of mineral elements in both flesh and peel is wood substrate (old and dead pine trees).     

Inhibition and dispersion of polyepoxysuccinate as a scale inhibitor

The inhibition and dispersion of polyepoxysuccinate (PESA, self-manufactured) to inorganic scale was evaluated by scale static beaker test to CaC0₃ and Ca₃(P0₄)2, stability test to zinc salt, and dispersion test to ferric oxide. The experimental results demonstrated that PESA functioned excellent scale inhibition to CaC0₃ and Ca₃(P0₄)₂, good stability to zinc salt and special dispersion to ferric oxide. Under the water with hardness 500-1200 mg/L, alkalinity 1000 mg/L, and dosage of PESA 31.2 mg/L, PESA scale inhibition ratio reached more than 85.0%. At dosage of PESA 20.8 mg/L inhibition ratio on calcium phosphate reached 38.9%, at optimum dosage of PESA 9.1 mg/L, the stability ratio was up to 96.1%; while at dosage of PESA 3.6 mg/L, transmittance ratio reached 64.4%. Therefore, PESA can be considered a soluble, high effective and versatile inhibitor.