The effect of fetal gender on second-trimester maternal serum inhibin-A concentration

Second-trimester serum inhibin-A is increasingly used as a fourth marker in addition to the triple test to screen for Down syndrome. We investigated whether fetal gender had an effect on serum inhibin-A concentration. A retrospective analysis was done on 316 normal pregnancies and 48 Down syndrome pregnancies in which maternal serum inhibin-A assays were performed between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation and in which the fetal sex was known. The median inhibin-A MoM (95% CI) for normal pregnancies in the presence of a male fetus was 0.93 (range 0.88–1.03). This was significantly lower than that in the presence of a female fetus (median MoM=1.04). The gender difference was not observed in the Down syndrome pregnancies. The increased inhibin-A concentration would lead to a 2.3-fold higher false-positive rate in the presence of a female fetus (10.6% vs 4.6%; p<0.05, Chi-square test). Because of the small number of cases studied, the results need to be substantiated by a larger series. If the gender effect is confirmed, adjustment for fetal sex may be necessary when inhibin-A is used as a screening marker. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陆相沉积盆地二氧化碳地质储存评价技术探讨

二氧化碳的地质储存是减少二氧化碳向大气环境排放、控制全球气候变暖的重要措施。本文针对陆相沉积盆地的CO2地质储存的储层特征、储存机理、水岩作用、安全性、适宜性、场地勘察、监测技术和经济效益等方面的研究内容与评价技术进行了探讨,以为我国未来利用二氧化碳地质储存技术减少二氧化碳排放提供技术支撑。     

椿树垭隧道岩体结构特征与围岩稳定性分析

通过岩体结构面网络计算机模拟,得出了隧道围岩岩体结构特征,并分析了其对围岩稳定性的影响,同时采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对Ⅳ级围岩条件下初始状态、开挖后不支护、开挖后支护3种工况下的围岩位移、应力分别进行分析和稳定性评价,结果表明:开挖后不支护时围岩很容易失稳;而实施初期支护能保证围岩的稳定性,且设计的初期支护方式能够满足安全要求。     

新一代X荧光仪在河流底质监测中的应用研究

文章主要介绍了新一代能量色散型X荧光分析仪在地面水监测(河流底质监测)中的应用研究。通过对成都市两条主要河流——府河和沙河部分河段中底泥沉积物现场取样分析样品中As、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd等元素含量,并利用地质累积指数法对两条河流取样段的重金属污染的现状和水平进行了初步评价,验证了X荧光分析方法作为一种快速分析手段在地面水监测中应用的可行性。     

市政污水处理厂生物除磷运行效能与机理分析

选取浙江北部10个污水处理厂,调研污水厂生物除磷的运行效能并开展污泥活性以及微生物分布特征及其除磷机理的研究.通过活性污泥批试验表明,厌氧释磷率和好氧聚磷率(以P计)平均为2.4mg/(g·h)和2.2mg/(g·h);反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)占聚磷菌(PAOs)的比例为0.0%～80.1%.荧光原位杂交法(FISH)对活性污泥微生物群落结构分析表明,聚磷菌(PAOs)比例为2.0%～8.7%,聚糖菌(GAOs)比例为1.3%～22.4%.根据调查结果和生物除磷性能研究,可通过调整污水营养成分和设置独立前置反硝化池等方法改善除磷效果.     

Assessing cypermethrin-contaminated soil with three di erent earthworm test methods

A series of tests (lethal, sublethal, and behavioral) on earthworms were conducted as an eco-assessment of pesticides. In this study, the toxicity of cypermethrin-contaminating soil on adult and juvenile earthworms was assessed. Beside the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was carried out. It was shown that the all-round toxicity from cypermethrin was weak on adult earthworms. Compared with adult earthworms, the toxicity of juvenile earthworms from cypermethrin especially chronic toxicity increased significantly. Growth and reproduction of earthworms appeared to be more severely a ected by cypermethrin at juvenile stage than at adult stage. Applied at 10 mg/kg, cypermethrin had obvious adverse impact on the growth of juvenile earthworms, while 20 mg/kg, cypermethrin caused significant toxic e ects in reproduction. The results also indicated that ecotoxicological risk assessment using only adult specimens may underestimate the e ects of cypermethrin on soil invertebrate populations.     

人工湿地生态工程中基质的筛选及应用研究

文章采用Langmuir等温吸附方程研究了人工湿地基质对磷的吸附能力和基质在人工湿地中的使用寿命,结果显示不同基质对磷的吸附能力差异比较大,其中赤泥对磷的吸附能力最大,铝矿土次之,陶粒和砂子比较低,而以陶粒对磷的吸附能力最低。不同的基质在人工湿地中的使用寿命不同,赤泥可以使用大约3010个月,而陶粒则<6个月。人工湿地基质大致可分为工业副产品、土壤和沙石三类,其中以工业副产品对磷的吸附能力比较高,土壤其次,而沙石则相对较低。Langmuir等温吸附方程可比较不同基质的吸附能力大小并估算其使用寿命,因此,可将它作为一种快速筛选人工湿地基质的方法。     

2008年冬—2009年春辽宁省干旱的遥感监测与大气结构分析

MODIS的多波段及高时空分辨率特征有利于对大面积干旱区域的动态监测。2008年10月下旬至2009年2月中旬我国中东部和北方地区十多个省市遭遇了严重干旱。论文选取2009年初干旱较严重的辽宁省作为研究区域,使用热惯量法提取MODIS数据的干旱信息,识别出干旱区域和干旱程度。为了深入分析导致此次干旱的大气结构特征和机理,从天气形势、斜温图(Skew-T)两方面揭示了干旱发生期间影响旱区的大气风向风速、温度、湿度及大气能量的结构特征。研究表明东北冷涡强大稳定而导致的干冷空气路径维持,整层大气的温度-露点差较大,西北风使来源地水汽稀少,稳定的大气层结及干下沉气流等大气结构特征是引起辽宁省严重干旱的重要原因。     

两段式沸石多级土壤渗滤系统强化脱氮试验

针对两段式沸石多级土壤渗滤系统(MSL)第2段(缺氧段)反硝化不足的问题,采取分段进水的方式,探讨处理生活污水和受污染河流时,MSL系统的强化脱氮效果.结果表明,在分段进水后,MSL系统TN平均去除率提高26%,缺氧段反硝化能力明显提高,但仍存在最终出水NO3--N平均去除率为负值的问题.进一步将进水C/N从0.8增加到2.5后,MSL系统TN去除率从53.7%上升到89.4%,说明适宜的进水C/N是决定MSL系统氮去除能力的因素之一.分段进水对MSL系统有机物和磷的去除效果无明显影响.