Highly efficient catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and organic dyes by ultrafine palladium nanoparticles anchored on CeO2 nanorods

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Uniformly dispersed Pd nanoparticles on certain supports exhibit exceptional catalytic performance toward various environmental applications. In this...     

热脱附法快速分析大气细颗粒物中非极性有机物

本研究改进了传统有机样品前处理步骤,将大气细颗粒物样品直接装填于TD管并与气相色谱联用的自动化热脱附装置,建立的新型热脱附(thermo desorption,TD)与气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用方法,对72种非极性有机物(non-polar organic compounds,NPOCs),包括34种多环芳烃(polylicycle aromatic hydrocarbon,PAHs)、1种苯并噻吩、27种(C_(10)~C_(34))烷烃(alkanes)、5种霍烷(hopanes)和5种甾烷(steranes)化合物进行定量分析.优化了承载样品装填方式、热脱附条件和进样模式等参数.结果表明,热脱附-气相色谱/质谱方法对多环芳烃、正构烷烃、霍烷和甾烷的检出限分别为0.01~1.0、0.1~8.0和0.50~2.0 ng·m~(-3),标定曲线线性相关系数在0.9以上.热脱附效率分别为:多环芳烃95%~100%、正构烷烃81%~100%、霍烷和甾烷83.1%~100%.与传统溶剂超声萃取的方法差异性比较结果表明,两种方法分析结果的偏差基本小于30%,在可接受范围内.对临安和上海PM_(2.5)中的痕量NPOCs的定量分析表明,采样期间两地大气PM_(2.5)中NPOCs以烷烃为主,其次为PAHs.特征比值法分析结果表明,大气细颗粒物污染主要来自化石燃料燃烧和煤炭燃烧.     

Nafion膜中嵌入Fe~(2+)光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

将亚铁离子嵌入Nafion膜中利用Fe3+/Fe2+光催化降解亚甲基蓝,脱色率达90%。研究探讨了降解亚甲基蓝时H 2O2以及pH值的影响。亚甲基蓝光催化降解氧化反应符合一级动力学规律,表观速率常数为0.5689min-1。     

余热锅炉在绿色油田建设中的应用

余热锅炉的运用使得不同品级的能源可以得到充分合理的利用。中国石油塔里木油田公司在生产实践中,采用燃气发电机组—余热锅炉联合循环技术,用不能再发电的燃气尾气生产蒸汽,对天然气中蕴含的能量进行分级利用,实现了发电、供热双重效益,也降低了对周边环境的热污染。文章对该热电联合循环的工艺流程进行介绍,通过对燃气发电机组尾气的能量传递进行计算,用热力学原理进行分析,以期实现对使用余热锅炉后的热电联产经济性进行综合评价的目的。     

Response of weeping willows to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is the most commonly used anionic surfactant in laundry detergents and cleaning agents. LAS compounds are found in surface waters and soils. The short-term acute toxicity of LAS to weeping willows (Salix babylonica L.) was investigated. Willow cuttings were grown in hydroponic solution spiked with LAS at 24.0+/-1 degrees C for 192 h. The normalized relative transpiration of plants was used to determine toxicity. Severe reduction of the transpiration was only found for high doses of LAS (240 mgl(-1)). Chlorophyll contents in leaves of treated plants varied with the dose of LAS, but there was no significant linear correlation. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were quantified at the end of experiments. At higher concentrations of LAS (240 mgl(-1)), the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased. The correlation between the dose of LAS and the POD activity in leaf cells was the highest of all enzyme assays (R(2)=0.5). EC(50) values for a 50% inhibition of the transpiration of the trees were estimated to 374 mgl(-1) (72 h) and 166 mgl(-1) (192 h). Results from this experiment indicated that phytotoxic effects of LAS on willow trees are not expected for normal environmental conditions.     

Impact of soluble organic matter and particulate organic matter on anammox system: Performance,microbial community and N2O production

In this study,the effects of soluble readily biodegradable COD (sCOD) and particulate slowly biodegradable COD (pCOD) on anammox process were investigated.The results of the longterm experiment indicated that a low sCOD/N ratio of 0.5 could accelerate the anammox and denitrification activity,to reach as high as 84.9%±2.8% TN removal efficiency.Partial denitrification-anammox (PDN/anammox) and denitrification were proposed as the major pathways for nitrogen removal,accounting for 91.3% and 8.7% o...     

消除CS_2的滤料筛选

采用动态和静态两种配气方法 ,观察了 1 0余种滤料对CS2 的消除效果 ,结果表明 ,动态条件下滤料对CS2 的消除效果好于静态条件。不同滤料对CS2 的消除效果亦不相同 ,其中 6号碳纤维、 1号铜纤维、活性碳纤维及AF材料对CS2 的消除效果较好。由于活性碳纤维经济易得 ,适用于空气净化。