日粮中铜胁迫对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼抗氧化、脂质过氧化及肝脏组织结构的影响

吉富罗非鱼是我国南方沿海地区水产养殖中的主要经济鱼类之一,但近年来,随着我国城镇化和工业化进程的推进,罗非鱼养殖面临着前所未有的铜富集的挑战。为探明日粮中铜胁迫对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼抗氧化系统和肝脏组织结构的影响,将1 080条罗非鱼幼鱼暴露于6个浓度梯度(0、3、30、300、1 000、3 000 mg·kg-1)的高铜日粮中,通过60 d的暴露试验,实时测定罗非鱼血清与肝脏抗氧化能力,监测肝脏病理变化。结果表明,在本试验条件下,罗非鱼幼鱼血清和肝脏中MDA的含量随日粮中铜含量的增加和胁迫时间的延长显著升高,而SOD、GSH-PX和Cu Zn-SOD的活性表现出先升高后降低的趋势;各组间肝脏表现出不同程度的病变,主要是浊肿变性和脂肪变性,且第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组肝脏病变严重。综上,日粮中铜胁迫对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的抗氧化机能有较明显的抑制作用,长时间的暴露能严重损伤其肝脏的组织结构,因此,建议吉富罗非鱼幼鱼日粮中铜的实际含量应控制在42.36 mg·kg-1以下。     

小煤柱巷道围岩变形的力学机理及演化过程研究

为研究小煤柱巷道围岩变形力学机理与演化过程,以石槽村矿某回风巷为研究对象,采用理论分析、FLAC3D数值模拟以及现场实测等方法,分析小煤柱条件下巷道围岩变形的主要影响因素以及表征特点。研究结果表明:侧压系数为巷道围岩变形的主控因素;侧压系数与巷道顶底板位移量呈正比关系,与两帮位移量呈反比关系;回风巷每次受采动影响时,变形可分为巷道稳定阶段、位移分化阶段以及位移加速变化阶段;围岩变形主要发生在一次采动影响时,此时巷道变形呈现明显的不对称,左右两帮的位移量差异明显,巷道的中心位置明显偏移。研究结果可为小煤柱巷道围岩支护提供技术参考。     

电场作用对不同藻菌体系处理猪场废水的强化机制研究

为解决猪场废水高色、高浊、高盐的水质特征对藻菌微生物体系处理效果的限制作用,采用电场处理与多种不同微藻/细菌(活性污泥)微生物体系处理相结合,考察了电场对微生物处理猪场废水的效果和生长状况的影响和作用机制.同时,通过对比微藻、微藻-活性污泥、活性污泥3种微生物体系对经电场处理养猪沼液中污染物去除效果及微生物生长情况,考察了电场处理对微生物处理效果的影响和作用.结果表明：电场对养猪沼液色度和浊度均有较好的去除效果,去除率分别为90.43%、99.69%;电场处理后的沼液再进行微生物处理可取得更优的处理效果,微生物对总氮和总磷的去除率最高分别为70.65%、67.30%.此外,微藻-活性污泥共生体系在污染物去除效果和生长状况方面均优于单一微生物体系.微藻-活性污泥体系最终叶绿素a含量为接种时的7.65倍,活性污泥生物量为接种时的1.51倍,远高于单一微生物体系.说明电场处理与微藻-活性污泥生物处理相结合,可以有效提高污染物去除效果,同时获得更多有价的生物质资源,实现更为可观的经济价值,具有广阔的应用潜力和发展前景.     

不同含固率下零价铁提升厨余垃圾高温厌氧消化产沼体系运行稳定性研究

相比中温（35 ℃）厌氧消化,高温（55 ℃）厌氧消化中微生物代谢活性强,处理效率高,且无害化水平高,适合厨余垃圾的资源化处理及 利用.但由于厨余垃圾易降解,有机质含量高,水解速率快,极易在厌氧消化前期出现酸积累现象,这种现象在高温厌氧消化中更为显著,从而严重制约着高温厌氧消化的应用.本研究探究了零价铁（ZVI）对高温厌氧消化过程酸化现象的消除和控制,并对投加ZVI后不同含固率下 厌氧反应器严重酸化现象缓和效果进行评价.结果表明,高温条件下含固率为4%、6%的反应器在ZVI的促进作用下很快恢复产沼,甲烷产率相较低负荷反应器分别提高了52.05%、10.51%.含固率为8%的投加ZVI反应器在经历一个月的延滞期后也消除了“过酸化”,甲烷含量稳定在60%以上, 甲烷产率达到270.40 mL·g^-1.以加ZVI反应器沼液作为接种物的H-ICS反应器能够降低氢分压,但未能消除“过酸化”.含固率为10%的反应器在反应结束后仍处于酸化状态.高通量测序结果表明,所有外加ZVI的反应器中嗜氢产甲烷菌是绝对的优势菌.在恢复产沼的H-ZVI反应器以细菌Defluviitoga产生的乙酸盐、CO₂、H₂和丁酸转化来的乙酸为底物,嗜氢产甲烷菌Methanothermobacter作为唯一优势产甲烷古菌,与互营乙酸氧化菌Syntrophaceticus相互作用,实现互营乙酸氧化产甲烷（SAO-HM）途径,恢复产甲烷代谢.     

2021年3月14—16日中国北方地区沙尘暴天气过程诊断及沙尘污染输送分析

2021年3月14—16日发生在北方地区的沙尘暴天气过程被认为是近10年来我国出现的最强过程.本文在对此次沙尘暴过程天气学特征分析的基础上,利用 HYSPLIT 模式和 GDAS 资料,运用潜在源贡献因子分析法（PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT）,探讨了气候变化背景下沙尘输送源与天气系统的配置关系及本次过程中沙尘污染物PM₁₀质量浓度的潜在源区分布及贡献.结果表明,此次过程由强烈发展的蒙古气旋及冷锋过境,高空槽后冷空气持续补充引起,中高层强斜压性使地面蒙古气旋强烈发展,大风卷扬起的沙尘随上升气流输送到高空,并在偏北大风引导下,影响了我国大范围地区.内蒙古东北部至河套地区的强涡度梯度带、500、700 hPa较高的强冷平流中心与下层的温度平流差异以及交替的上升下沉运动为本次北方地区大范围沙尘暴过程提供了动力、热力及不稳定度条件.本次沙尘天气过程中,影响呼和浩特、北京的沙尘传输通道主要为北偏东路,影响银川的沙尘传输通道为西北路和北路,过程受多沙源传输通道影响.萨彦岭、蒙古国南部戈壁沙漠为本次沙尘天气PM₁₀的主要潜在源区,传输过程中混合内蒙古沙源地沙尘.总体来说,蒙古国南部戈壁沙漠对本次过程PM₁₀质量浓度的贡献最大.     

CTS@Fe3O4-COOH对低pH值Chlorella vulgaris采收性能及机理

采用共沉淀法制备得到磁性材料壳聚糖@柠檬酸改性Fe₃O₄(CTS@Fe₃O₄-COOH),通过单因素与正交试验考察了不同条件下其对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的采收效率.结合XRD、FT-IR和VSM等材料的结构性质表征、表面Zeta电位及Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)理论分析,探讨CTS@Fe₃O₄-COOH对小球藻的絮凝采收机理.结果表明,CTS@Fe₃O₄-COOH对小球藻具有高效采收效率,与未改性相比采收效率提高约30%.单因素试验表明材料投加量与pH值对小球藻采收效率的影响较大;正交试验表明当CTS@Fe₃O₄-COOH投加量为4.5g/L时,在pH 4的条件下,经500r/min快搅3min后再70r/min慢搅5min,对小球藻的采收效率高达98.35%.DLVO等理论分析表明,CTS@Fe₃O₄-COOH对小球藻的采收机理为电荷中和、静电修补、吸附架桥与整体絮凝联合作用.本文结果为CTS@Fe₃O₄-COOH采收固定烟气能源微藻的实际应用提供数据支持.     

基于RuO2-IrO2/Ti和Fe0电极的电氧化-电絮凝处理含Tl废水

基于RuO₂-IrO₂/Ti形稳电极和Fe⁰牺牲电极实现电氧化-电絮凝(EO-EC)一体化处理含Tl (I)废水,并与单一的电絮凝(EC)进行比较,探讨了EO-EC处理含Tl废水的机理.结果表明,相较于单一EC,EO-EC (1:1)组合技术适应于宽pH (4-10)以及电流密度范围(5-20mA/cm²)下含Tl废水高效处理,且不易发生钝化;活性氯以及氧化还原电位在Tl (I)间接氧化Tl (III)过程中扮演重要角色,沉淀分析表明生成的Tl (OH)_3(s)与絮体Fe (OH)_3(am)共沉淀,纤铁矿位点可吸附残留Tl (I).EO-EC一体化技术可满足实际含Tl废水达标处理(<2µg/L)且具有经济可行性.     

Dosing low-level ferrous iron in coagulation enhances the removal of micropollutants, chlorite and chlorate during advanced water treatment

Drinking water utilities are interested in upgrading their treatment facilities to enhance micropollutant removal and byproduct control. Pre-oxidation by chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) followed by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is one of the promising solutions. However, the chlorite (ClO₂^–) formed from the ClO₂ pre-oxidation stage cannot be removed by the conventional coagulation process using aluminum sulfate. ClO₂^– negatively affects the post-UV/chlorine process due to its strong radical scavenging effect, and it also enhances the formation of chlorate (ClO₃^–). In this study, dosing micromolar-level ferrous iron (Fe(II)) into aluminum-based coagulants was proposed to eliminate the ClO₂^– generated from ClO₂ pre-oxidation and benefit the post-UV/chlorine process in radical production and ClO₃^– reduction. Results showed that the addition of 52.1-µmol/L FeSO₄ effectively eliminated the ClO₂^– generated from the pre-oxidation using 1.0 mg/L (14.8 µmol/L) of ClO₂. Reduction of ClO₂^– increased the degradation rate constant of a model micropollutant (carbamazepine) by 55.0% in the post-UV/chlorine process. The enhanced degradation was verified to be attributed to the increased steady-state concentrations of HO^· and ClO^· by Fe(II) addition. Moreover, Fe(II) addition also decreased the ClO₃^– formation by 53.8% in the UV/chlorine process and its impact on the formation of chloro-organic byproducts was rather minor. The findings demonstrated a promising strategy to improve the drinking water quality and safety by adding low-level Fe(II) in coagulation in an advanced drinking water treatment train.     

Evidence on the causes of the rising levels of CODMn along the middle route of the South-to-North Diversion Project in China: The role of algal dissolved organic matter

As the biggest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project（SNWD） was designed to alleviate the water crisis in North China.The main channel of the middle route of the SNWD is of great concern in terms of the drinking water quality.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that the dissolved organic matter（DOM） derived from the planktonic algae causes the rising levels of COD_Mn along the middle route by monitoring data on water quality（2015-20...     

Phenol degradation in waters with high iodide level by layered double hydroxide-peroxodisulfate: Pathways and products

Recently, layered double hydroxide-peroxodisulfate (LDH-PDS) as an advanced oxidation system can effectively remove organics by the pathway of free radical. However, little has been known if there is a potential risk regarding the formation of high toxic iodine byproducts through another pathway when LDH-PDS is used in high iodide waters at coastal areas. Therefore, this study investigated phenol degradation pathways and transformation products to evaluate both removal mechanism and potential risk by LDH-PDS in high iodide waters. The results showed that in LDH-PDS system, with the degradation of PDS, phenol degraded till below detection limit in 1 hr in the presence of iodide, while PDS and phenol were hardly degraded in the absence of iodide, indicating iodide accelerated the transformation of PDS and the degradation of phenol. What is more, it reached the highest phenol removal efficiency under the condition of 100 mg/L LDH, 0.1 mmol/L PDS and 1.0 mmol/L iodide. In LDH-PDS system, iodide was rapidly oxidized by the highly active interlayer PDS, resulting in the formation of reactive iodine including hypoiodic acid, iodine and triiodide instead of free radicals, which contributed rapid degradation of phenol. However, unfortunately toxic iodophenols were detected. Specifically, 2-iodophenol and 4-iodophenol were formed firstly, afterwards 2,4-diiodophenol and 2,6-diiodophenol were produced, and finally iodophenols and diiodophenols gradually decreased and 2,4,6-Triiodophenol were produced. These results indicated that LDH-PDS should avoid to use in high iodide waters to prevent toxic iodine byproduct formation although iodide can accelerate phenol degradation.