广州市生活饮用水地表水源地微量元素调查

对广州市秀全、巴江、江村、石门、西村、刘屋洲、南洲和沙湾等主要生活饮用水地表水源地中钼、钴、铍、硼、锑、镍、钒、钛、锡、银和钡等微量元素含量水平进行了调查,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对微量元素水质进行了评价。结果表明,硼和锡在所有地表水源地均未检出,铍在部分地表水源地有检出,其他检测项目在所有地表水源地均有检出。整体而言,微量元素含量水平不高,地表水源地由北往南微量元素内梅罗指数呈逐渐降低态势,南部水源地水质优于北部水源地。巴江和西部水源地镍含量相对较高,电镀企业排污监管力度有待进一步加强。     

淮安市畜禽养殖业废弃物污染负荷生态承载力预警分析

在分析淮安市畜禽养殖业废弃物的污染特点的基础上,进行了淮安市畜禽养殖业废弃物污染负荷的生态承载力的预警分析。分析结果显示：淮安市畜禽养殖业污染的生态承载力不同地区差异性较大,各地区的畜禽养殖业的发展不平衡,存在空间异质性。对环境构成较严重污染威胁的有淮阴区;对环境稍有污染威胁的地区有4个,分别为清河区、楚州区、清浦区和开发区;涟水县、洪泽县、盱眙县、金湖县畜禽粪便对环境不构成污染威胁。淮安市应该通过制定相应的畜禽养殖业的总体规划来合理布局,合理分配畜禽养殖业污染的生态承载力,保护生态环境,促进新农村建设,实现淮安市的可持续发展。     

Catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, nitrobenzene and oxalic acid in water

Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using Fe(NO3) 3·9H2O and Co(NO3) 2·6H2O as the precursors,and its catalytic performance was investigated in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid(2,4-DP) ,nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The experimental results indicated that Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst enabled an interesting improvement of ozonation eciency during the degradation of each organic pollutant,and the Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation system followed a radical-type mechanism.The kinetics of ozonation alone and Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation of three organic pollutants in aqueous solution were discussed under the mere consideration of direct ozone reaction and OH radical reaction to well investigate its performance.In the catalytic ozonation of 2,4-DP,the apparent reaction rate constants(k) were determined to be 1.456×10-2 min-1 for ozonation alone and 4.740×10-2 min-1 for O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3.And O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 had a larger Rct(6.614×10-9) calculated by the relative method than O3 did(1.800×10-9) ,showing O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 generated more hydroxyl radical.Similar results were also obtained in the catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The above results demonstrated that the catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 in ozonation of studied organic substance was universal to a certain degree.     

Analysis of occupational accidents: prevention through the use of additional technical safety measures for machinery

This article presents an analysis of results of 1035 serious and 341 minor accidents recorded by Poland's National Labour Inspectorate (PIP) in 2005–2011, in view of their prevention by means of additional safety measures applied by machinery users. Since the analysis aimed at formulating principles for the application of technical safety measures, the analysed accidents should bear additional attributes: the type of machine operation, technical safety measures and the type of events causing injuries. The analysis proved that the executed tasks and injury-causing events were closely connected and there was a relation between casualty events and technical safety measures. In the case of tasks consisting of manual feeding and collecting materials, the injuries usually occur because of the rotating motion of tools or crushing due to a closing motion. Numerous accidents also happened in the course of supporting actions, like removing pollutants, correcting material position, cleaning, etc.     

Allometric scaling and accidents at work

Allometry is the knowledge concerning relations between the features of some beings, like animals, or cities. For example, the daily energy rate is proportional to a mass of mammals rise of 3/4. This way of thinking has spread quickly from biology to many areas of research concerned with sociotechnical systems. It was revealed that the number of innovations, patents or heavy crimes rises as social interaction increases in a bigger city, while other urban indexes such as suicides decrease with social interaction. Enterprise is also a sociotechnical system, where social interaction and accidents at work take place. Therefore, do these interactions increase the number of accidents at work or, on the contrary, are they reduction-driving components? This article tries to catch such links and assess the allometric exponent between the number of accidents at work and the number of employees in an enterprise.     

块茎类作物对农村垃圾中铅镉等重金属的吸附研究

随着城市的快速发展,工业化越来越深入人心,很多交通、化工类的重金属污染产业也迅速发展起来,这些造成了农村垃圾中重金属的种类和含量都在不断攀升.由于大气、水源的传播以及通过农作物进入人体,污染的范围不断扩大,造成的危害也越来越严重.文章利用布点采样分析的方法,调查了污染不同区域的农村垃圾重金属污染状况,对数据进行统计分析,为政府部门正确判断与决策提供科学的依据.     

山东省汽车喷涂行业VOCs排放特征研究

采用气袋采样-气相色谱/质谱法,采集并分析了山东省内小型通用车、货车、电动商务车以及半挂车4类典型汽车喷涂企业挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征。结果表明:山东省汽车喷涂企业中VOCs排放总量以及检出数量排序为:半挂车喷涂企业电动商务车喷涂企业货车喷涂企业小型通用车喷涂企业。各类汽车喷涂企业喷漆以及烘干车间排放的VOCs大多以苯类物质为主(小型通用车面漆烘干车间除外),在小型通用车以及半挂车涂装企业废气中烷烃类物质占比较大。不同企业以及各企业不同工序之间特征VOCs排放浓度有较大差别,喷漆车间特征VOCs浓度要远高于烘干车间。     

关于内蒙古自治区主要污染物总量减排工作的探讨

通过多年的主要污染物总量减排工作,主要污染物排放量得到了有效控制,排放量大幅下降,取得了许多成绩。面对当前的主要污染物减排工作,需要抓好几个方面的工作,以更好的推动减排工作,改善环境质量。     

关于实施挥发性有机物总量控制的几点思考

国家提出对挥发性有机物排放进行总量控制,本文从挥发性有机物的定性、定量、检测等方面分析了目前存在的困难和问题,并提出了初步建议。