Urban fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from Dalian soils

This report evidences the fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from urban to rural areas, and a higher contribution of coal and wood combustion in rural areas. PAHs are persistent semi-volatile organic pollutants in the environment. PAHs originate from the incompleted combustion of fossil fuel and biomass. Cities are usually considered as primary sources of PAHs. Due to different types and loads of fuel consumption in various functional areas of a city, the levels and composition profiles of PAHs are expected to be different. We, therefore, studied the mechanisms ruling PAH distributions in soils from a major Chinese city. Seventeen soil samples were collected in urban traffic areas, residential and park areas, suburban areas and rural areas of Dalian, northeastern China. PAHs were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography. The composition profiles and seasonal variation of PAHs were investigated. Results show that the proportions of low-weight molecular PAHs to total PAHs increased with urban-suburban-rural gradient. This trend is explained by the “urban fractionation” of PAHs. Furthermore, the spring/autumn ratios of PAH concentrations were higher than 1. Specifically, the spring/autumn ratio was 1.79 for two ring PAHs, 1.42 for three ring PAHs, and lower than 1.20 for five and six ring PAHs. The spring/autumn ratios of phenanthrene were higher than 1 and increased with increasing distance from the urban areas. The results imply that the contribution of coal and wood combustion PAHs increases with the urban-suburban-rural gradient.     

Urea formation from carbon dioxide and ammonia at atmospheric pressure

Urea synthesis, currently the largest use of carbon dioxide in organic synthesis, is conventionally operated at high pressure and high temperature. Here, we report for the first time that urea forms at atmosphere and ambient temperatures by negative corona discharge in gas phase. The conversion of CO₂ and yields of a solid mixture of urea and ammonium carbamate, which was identified by the ¹³C NMR spectrum, rise with reducing temperatures and increasing molar ratios of NH₃/CO₂ and discharge frequencies. The conversion of carbon dioxide was found to be 82.16?% at 20?°C and 1?atm with a molar flow ratio of n(NH₃)/n(CO₂) of 2.5. High pressure and high temperature as energy inputs are not necessary.     

不对称还原丙酮酸乙酯菌株的筛选及鉴定

以丙酮酸乙酯为底物,从成都某化工厂污水池及其附近土壤中分离到36株可将丙酮酸乙酯不对称还原成(S)-乳酸乙酯的菌株.经过多次复筛,最终获得了一株具有较高催化活性的酵母菌BTY18-6.在以该菌株静息细胞为催化剂,催化不对称还原丙酮酸乙酯合成(S)-乳酸乙酯的反应中,底物浓度为60 mmol/L时,底物转化率为86.9%,产物(S)-乳酸乙酯的ee值为88.7%.通过对其形态学、生理生化特征及其26S rDNA Dl/D2区域的分析表明,BTY18-6为胶红酵母.     

Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

China now faces double challenges of water resources shortage and severe water pollution. To resolve Chinese water pollution problems and reduce its impacts on human health, economic growth and social development, the situation of wastewater treatment was investigated. Excess sludge and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during wastewater treatment were also surveyed. It is concluded that Chinese water pollution problems should be systematically resolved with inclusion of wastewater and the solid waste and GHGs generated during wastewater treatment. Strategies proposed for the wastewater treatment in China herein were also adequate for other countries, especially for the developing countries with similar economic conditions to China.     

区域大气环境中PM2．5／PM10空间分布研究

提出了一种利用移动监测技术研究区域大气环境中PM2.5／PM10空间分布的方法,并在2004年12月进行了宁波市全市域PM2.5／PM10空间分布的研究。数据显示：相同路径所代表的地区PM2.5和PM10具有很好的相关性,多数路径上PM2.5与PM10数据的相关系数平方在0．95以上,而不同路径上PM2.5与PM10的比值不同。文中给出了宁波市PM2.5／PM10污染的空间分布图,直观地显示出PM2.5／PM10污染的空间分布情况,突出了污染的重点点位和地区。     

基于熵权物元可拓模型的智慧档案馆安全评估

为了评估智慧档案馆的安全状况,预防安全事故发生,通过分析智慧档案馆的安全因素,构建了由8个一级指标、38个二级指标构成的智慧档案馆安全评估指标体系,并将信息熵理论和物元可拓理论有机结合,构建了智慧档案馆安全熵权物元多级可拓评估理论模型。应用该指标体系和理论模型对某档案馆进行了实证研究,得出其安全等级为V级(安全),为该馆针对性地提出了加强安全工作的整改建议。评估结果与实际情况一致,验证了该评估指标体系和评估理论模型的正确性和可靠性。     

铬盐废水蒸发系统腐蚀突变与缓蚀工况研究

针对铬盐废水蒸发系统运行过程中的腐蚀问题,采用失重法、pH值检测、扫描电镜(SEM、EDS)和XRD等手段,模拟研究了温度、Cr3+质量浓度对20#碳钢腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物的影响,并从废水pH值和形貌分析角度探索腐蚀速率发生突变的原因.研究表明:废水Cr3+质量浓度在150～180 mg/L范围,碳钢腐蚀速率发生突增,废...     

门式起重机起升动载荷分析

以某工厂门式起重机为研究对象,利用轴套力建模法和编制相应CMD命令文件建立了钢丝绳模型,对部件添加材料属性,并对整机施加相应的约束、载荷和驱动,实现了门式起重机的虚拟样机建模.研究了不同的调速方法对起升动载荷的影响,采用联合仿真法对比分析了串电阻调速和变频调速法对动载荷的影响,为门式起重机的疲劳寿命研究提供数据支撑.     

造纸机械用灰铸铁烘缸定期检验要点分析

灰铸铁烘缸具有特殊的铸造结构特征与灰铸铁材质特点,其定期检验要求不同于常规焊制金属压力容器.本文结合定期检验项目要求及现场检验经验,对造纸机械用灰铸铁烘缸的宏观检验、壁厚测定、无损检测、硬度检测、安全附件及仪表、耐压试验等定期检验项目进行了检验检测要点分析与探讨.     

麦草及其烟尘中正构烷烃的组成

在明火和闷烧条件下对6种麦草进行焚烧试验,用GC/MS测定了秸秆和烟尘中正构烷烃的组成.结果表明,从麦秆和烟尘中检出的正构烷烃主要是C16~C33.麦秸中正构烷烃的总含量变化范围是19.6~62.3 mg·kg-1,平均值为36.0mg·kg-1.低碳数(碳数相似文献