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991.
992.
Agricultural ammonia emissions inventory and spatial distribution in the North China Plain 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Y. Zhang A.J. Dore X.J. Liu W.Q. Ma J.N. Cape 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(2):490-501
An agricultural ammonia (NH3) emission inventory in the North China Plain (NCP) on a prefecture level for the year 2004, and a 5 × 5 km2 resolution spatial distribution map, has been calculated for the first time. The census database from China's statistics datasets, and emission factors re-calculated by the RAINS model supported total emissions of 3071 kt NH3-N yr−1 for the NCP, accounting for 27% of the total emissions in China. NH3 emission from mineral fertilizer application contributed 1620 kt NH3-N yr−1, 54% of the total emission, while livestock emissions accounted for the remaining 46% of the total emissions, including 7%, 27%, 7% and 5% from cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, and poultry, respectively. A high-resolution spatial NH3 emissions map was developed based on 1 × 1 km land use database and aggregated to a 5 × 5 km grid resolution. The highest emission density value was 198 kg N ha−1 yr−1. 相似文献
993.
Bin Ma Yan He Huai-hai Chen Jian-ming Xu Zed Rengel 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):855-861
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and persistent organic pollutants with high carcinogenic effect and toxicity; their behavior and fate in the soil-plant system have been widely investigated. In the present paper, meta-analysis was used to explore the interaction between plant growth and dissipation of PAHs in soil based on the large body of published literature. Plants have a promoting effect on PAH dissipation in soils. There was no difference in PAH dissipation between soils contaminated with single and mixed PAHs. However, plants had a more obvious effect on PAH dissipation in freshly-spiked soils than in long-term field-polluted soils. Additionally, a positive effect of the number of microbial populations capable of degrading PAHs was observed in the rhizosphere compared with the bulk soil. Our meta-analysis established the importance of the rhizosphere effect on PAH dissipation in variety of the soil-plant systems. 相似文献
994.
以废麻为原料,KOH为活化剂制备粉状活性炭,通过静态吸附实验研究了活性炭对Cu2+的吸附性能,探讨了溶液起始pH值、活性炭投加量、吸附时间、起始Cu2+质量浓度等对Cu2+吸附效果的影响。结果表明,溶液pH和活性炭投加量对吸附效果有较大影响,活性炭对Cu2+的吸附率在60 min内超过50%,初始浓度在10~50 mg/L时,活性炭对Cu2+的吸附量与起始浓度近似成正比。采用Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温式对吸附平衡数据进行了拟合,结果表明吸附等温线符合Frenudlich模型。采用傅立叶红外光谱法(FT-IR)分析了活性炭的表面官能团,分析表明活性炭表面酸性官能团可能是吸附Cu2+的活性中心。 相似文献
995.
采用微乳法制备铁掺杂TiO2纳米晶(Fe-TiO2)复合体,通过热重-差热(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外漫反射光谱(DRS)等对其结构和形态进行表征;以亚甲基蓝溶液(MB)为标准模拟降解物,对Fe-TiO2,纯TiO2和P25光催化降解性能进行评价。结果表明,Fe-TiO2的光催化活性明显〉P25,原因是Fe掺杂不仅能抑制TiO2晶粒生长,提高TiO2的热稳定性和比表面积,而且能够拓展TiO2的吸收波长范围至可见光区,提高了Ti3+离子浓度,降低了光生载流子的复合几率。 相似文献
996.
Sixteen USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extracted by Soxhlet extraction (S-PAHs) with dichloromethane and routine accelerated solvent extraction (A-PAHs) with 1:1 toluene/methanol, respectively, were investigated in 24 soil samples from two cities in the center of the Pearl River Delta, South China. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, methylphenanthrene and perylene, in two soils, two sediments, and an immature oil shale were also sequentially extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with each of four different organic solvents for three times. The A-PAHs' concentrations are 2.41 times the S-PAHs' concentrations. For sequential three ASEs, PAHs in the first extract account for 56 to 67% of their total concentrations in the sequential three extractions and toluene displays the best extraction performance among the four solvents. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs in Soxhlet extraction, routine ASE, and sequential ASE with each solvent for a given sample are very similar, suggesting their identical petrogenic and pyrogenic sources in the soils and sediments. But the PAH ratios for the shale have an obvious petrogenic origin. The perylene/5-ring PAH ratios indicate a diagenetic source, especially in the shale and sediments. The correlation analysis shows that A-PAHs/S-PAHs is better associated with the contents of total organic carbon (TOC) than those of black carbon (BC). The above results indicate the significant petrogenic origin of PAHs and the important effect of organic matter on their extraction and distribution in the investigated field soils/sediments. 相似文献
997.
水环境中有机污染物对藻类毒理性的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,环境中的有机污染物对生态环境的破坏日益加剧,并严重威胁到了人类的生存和发展。藻类作为初级生产者,是整个生态系统物质循环和能量流动的基础,因此研究水环境中有机污染物对藻类的毒理性,对于环境污染的监测具有深远的意义。就有机污染物对藻类的毒性机理、藻类对有机污染物的敏感度等问题的研究现状进行综述,并对藻类在环境监测方面的应用前景进行展望。 相似文献
998.
Xiaoliang Cheng Honglan Shi Craig D. Adams Yinfa Ma 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(7):1323-1330
Background, aims, and scope
Heavy metal contaminants in environment, especially in drinking water, are always of great concern due to their health impact. Due to the use of heavy metals as catalysts during plastic syntheses, particularly antimony, human exposure to metal release from plastic bottles has been a serious concern in recent years. The aim and scope of this study were to assess metal contaminations leaching out from a series of recycling plastic bottles upon treatments. 相似文献999.
发制品行业是以人发、人造纤维等为原材料进行假发加工的行业。许昌市发制品的生产过程大致可分为两个阶段:漂染和前后处理。漂染过程用水量大,产生的废水难以处理。其中过酸、氧化、染色配置的溶液使用一次后直接排放,不符合清洁生产要求,且所排放的溶液可考虑中和多次利用。漂染过程水资源消耗量大,废水产生量大,没有考虑废水综合利用。按清洁生产的要求在以上环节可通过技术革新和设备改造得以改进。 相似文献
1000.