高碑店湖表层水中雌激素的分布及其光降解影响因素

雌激素等内分泌干扰物在水体中普遍存在,其在再生水中的存在以及在水体中的迁移转化会产生潜在的健康和生态风险。光降解是水体中雌激素消除的主要途径之一,水体中共存的无机离子及有机质等对雌激素的光解存在不同的影响。对高碑店湖再生水体中雌激素的污染状况进行了调查,结果显示表层水中天然雌激素雌酮(E1)和人工合成雌激素17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的浓度最高。在模拟太阳光照射条件下对E1在水溶液中的降解规律及影响因素进行了研究,发现在模拟1 SUN的光密度条件下,15 min时E1降解率可达85%(C0=5μg·L-1),而氨氮对E1的光降解存在一定的抑制作用,并且抑制作用随着氨氮的升高而变大。与纯水系统相比,高碑店湖表层水基质中E1的光降解速率较低,说明整体上氨氮、HCO-3、浊度等因素对E1光降解产生的抑制作用占主导。对雌酮及其降解产物进行了红外光谱分析,结果显示1 720 cm-1对应的C=O键特征峰在光照时间为0、10和20 min样品中的强度逐渐减弱,而2 854 cm-1和2 925 cm-1对应的脂肪碳的C-H键特征峰先增强后减弱,可能是因为E1结构中的C-C=O发生了反应生成了C=C-OH,而随着反应的继续,C=C也被进一步氧化,但降解产物的结构需要进一步研究推断。随着E1的光降解,E1水溶液的内分泌干扰活性逐渐下降,氨氮虽然对E1的光降解有一定的抑制作用,但随着降解反应的进行E1水溶液的内分泌干扰活性依然呈下降趋势。     

二噁英类化合物的毒性作用机制及其生物检测方法

二噁英类化合物具有高毒性,来源多样且分布广泛,是持久性有机物的典型代表,二噁英类污染物及其对健康的危害已引起了公众的普遍关注。一些二噁英类同系物具有代谢稳定性,其毒性效应主要是通过芳香烃受体介导,而越来越多的研究表明二噁英类毒性作用机制的复杂性。在此背景下,综述了近些年在二噁英类毒性作用机制及其代谢途径的新认识,评价比较了主要二噁英类高通量生物检测方法,以期为该类污染物的环境污染物筛查和风险评估提供参考。     

Review on the study of mercury/silver ions-pyrimidine base pairs in DNA duplexes and their application in detection technology北大核心CSCD

Nucleic acids and their analogues are getting more and more attention. Metal-mediated base pairs as a kind of simple and functionalized nucleic acids in special positions have widened the scope of application of functional nucleic acids and their analogues. In this type of base pairs, the representative is the interaction between metal ions and pyrimidine bases, especially the research on thymine-Hg2+-thymine (T-Hg2+-T) and cytosine-Ag+-cytosine (C-Ag+-C) base pairs. This review summarizes the structure and mechanism of metal-mediate pyrimidine base pairs as well as the application in the biochemical analysis. It explores the mode and ratio of coordination between metal ions and base pairs, the effects on the stability of DNA helical structure, the related crystal structure and the three-dimensional configuration information in the DNA helix. The analytical application mainly includes various probes of metal ions, small molecules, protein and the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism. Among them the most widely used metal ions detection, and its combination with spectrum technology, visualization and amplification technology greatly promoted the rapid development of sensitive detection technology. In further studies, it is necessary to reveal the mechanism of interaction between T-Hg2+-T and C-Ag+-C, and more attention should be paid to combining of T-Hg2+-T and C-Ag+-C base pairs with other new technologies. The scope of practical application should also be further extended.     

贵阳市环境空气质量预报预警系统建立的探讨

分析了贵阳市空气质量预报中污染物、地形及下垫面、植被等关键影响因素。提出了贵阳市环境空气质量预报预警系统的整体架构,分别对排放源监测与管理系统、环境空气质量预报系统和污染预警与控制决策支持系统等三个核心部分进行阐述,进一步提出了贵阳市大气污染防控措施及防控机制。     

Kinetics of Solvent Blue and Reactive Yellow removal using microwave radiation in combination with nanoscale zero-valent iron

We investigated the efficiency and kinetics of the degradation of soluble dyes over the p H range 5.0–9.0 using a method employing microwave radiation in combination with nanoscale zero-valent iron(MW–n ZVI). The n ZVI particles(40–70 nm in diameter) were prepared by a liquid-phase chemical reduction method employing starch as a dispersant.Compared to the removal of Solvent Blue 36 and Reactive Yellow K-RN using only n ZVI,more rapid and efficient dye removal and total organic carbon removal were achieved using MW–n ZVI. The dye removal efficiency increased significantly with decreasing p H, but was negligibly affected by variation in the microwave power. The kinetics of dye removal by MW–n ZVI followed both an empirical equation and the pseudo first-order model, while the kinetics of dye removal using n ZVI could only be described by an empirical equation. It was also concluded that microwave heating of the dye solutions as well as acceleration of corrosion of n ZVI and consumption of Fe(II) were possible reasons behind the enhanced dye degradation.     

磁性固相萃取在环境分析中的应用

样品前处理直接影响污染物分析的准确性并很大程度上决定了目标物质的检测限。磁性固相萃取作为一种新兴的样品前处理技术,具有操作简单、消耗时间短、成本低等优点,克服了传统柱式固相萃取的缺陷,广泛应用于环境、化学、生物、药物分析等领域。文章介绍了磁性固相萃取技术及其流程,概述了各种磁性材料在痕量污染物富集分离过程中的应用现状,分析比较了不同表面修饰物质的磁性粒子的优缺点,并展望了磁性固相萃取未来的研究方向。     

环境保护市场化推进实践与思考

在分析环境保护市场化推进经验与制约瓶颈的基础上,从公共物品、准公共物品和私人物品特征明显的环境保护领域3个方面提出了环境保护市场化推进的重点领域与推进机制,并从加大监察执法力度、优化专项资金使用、强化政策引导和加强环保市场监管等方面提出了环境保护市场化的推进措施与建议。     

微藻能源的发展及其在环境保护中的应用

能源短缺和温室效应是当前中国发展所面临的两个关键问题。通过对微藻能源主要利用方式及其在环境治理中应用的介绍,指出微藻能源能够同时解决能源和减排的要求。     

油品长输管道泄漏事故原因分析及防范措施

分析了油品长输管道泄漏的3种主要原因:外力破坏、管道腐蚀穿孔和管道本体缺陷,并根据这3种主要原因提出了具有针对性的防范措施,通过这些措施的实施可以有效地降低管道的泄漏风险.     

呼和浩特武川县农村土壤5种重金属的测定

采集呼和浩特市武川县三个村庄15个土壤样品,并对5种重金属进行分析,结果显示:三个村15个点位土壤单项污染指数均小于1,土壤污染程度均属无污染,土壤环境质量分级为Ⅰ级。