型煤产业发展与提高

本文论述发展工业型煤产业的重要意义和技术质量保证,洁净煤技术是控制污染和节约能源,提高煤炭资源利用率的重要技术项目,将粉煤生产成型煤,为工业、民用提供洁净的燃料,既充分利用煤炭资源同时改善能源结构,又有显著的环保效益,国家把煤炭产业列入中国洁净煤技术有限发展项目,目前制约型煤产业的发展要造气型和燃烧型煤并举,同时有利于用户的节能效益。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染控制技术研究进展

垃圾渗滤液是垃圾填埋过程中产生的一种有机浓度高、成分复杂的污水,对周边生态环境和人们身心健康影响极大。本文详细介绍了垃圾渗滤液的水质特征及国内外各类控制技术,并进行了对比分析,提出是源头控制重点,处理是保障的污染控制新思路。     

辽河源头区坡耕地面源污染阻控技术研究

辽河源头区多为低山丘陵区域.由于人类对土地资源的不合理开发利用,致使森林覆盖率降低,坡耕地面积增多.为提高单位面积的农作物产量,主要措施之一就是增加化肥投入量.随着农田生态系统化肥投入量的增加,不被作物吸收的营养物质通过淋溶渗透地表径流等进入水环境中.坡耕地面源污染阻控研究是基于其产生的原因及迁移过程,采取农业耕作措施、水土保持工程措施和生物措施等相结合方式,构建坡耕地面源污染控制技术体系.     

Formation pathways of brominated products from benzophenone-4 chlorination in the presence of bromide ions

The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed.Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated catechol intermediate would be transformed into furan-like heterocyclic product. The product species were p H-dependent,while benzophenone-4 elimination was chlorine dose-dependent. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with benzophenone-4 and bromide ions, most of brominated byproducts could be detected, and the acute toxicity significantly increased as well.     

Aerobic granules cultivated and operated in continuous-flow bioreactor under particle-size selective pressure

A novel method based on the selective pressure of particle size （particle-size cultivation method, PSCM） was developed for the cultivation and operation of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor, and compared with the conventional method based on the selective pressure of settling velocity （settling-velocity cultivation method, SVCM）. Results indicated that aerobic granules could be cultivated in continuous operation mode by this developed method within 14 days. Although in the granulation process, under particle-size selective pressure, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） in the reactor fluctuated greatly and filamentous bacteria dominated the sludge system during the initial operation days, no obvious difference in profile was found between the aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM and SVCM. Moreover, aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM presented larger diameter, lower water content and higher specific rates of nitrification, denitrifieation and phosphorus removal, but lower settling velocity. Under long term operation of more than 30 days, aerobic granules in the continuous-flow reactor could remain stable and obtain good chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4^＋-N, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） removal. The results indicate that PSCM was dependent on the cultivation and maintenance of the stability of aerobic granules in continuous-flow bioreactors.     

钦州湾无机氮入海通量及其富营养化症状分析

根据对环钦州湾区域的入海河流、直排海污染源及养殖废水无机氮入海通量的估算,2011年钦州湾无机氮入海通量约为7 655 t,其中入海河流无机氮入海通量占总量的96.4%,直排海污染源次之。入海无机氮占钦州湾无机氮总量的比重为36.7%,说明钦州湾已属中等强度人为影响海域。根据对钦州湾富营养化症状——叶绿素a含量的分析,钦州湾富营养化症状不明显,钦州湾整体的富营养化程度较低。因而仅以营养盐含量评价目标海域的富营养化程度,易失之偏颇,宜结合富营养化症状来判断目标海域的富营养化程度。     

低碳高氮污水处理应用技术研究

针对碳氮比小于7的污水,其碳源不能满足硝化与反硝化的要求这一问题,通过改变SBR工艺的运行方式、调解工艺参数等技术手段,使其能够达标处理此类工业废水,并通过某淀粉厂的工程实例进行了验证:采用改良的SBR工艺可以对低碳高氮污水进行有效的处理。     

电厂燃煤锅炉颗粒物分段去除效率及成因分析

选取某大型发电企业进行实测,根据测试数据计算颗粒物去除装置对颗粒物的分段去除效率。结果表明:静电除尘器除尘效率为99.91%、湿法脱硫装置除尘效率为60.51%、湿法脱硫装置出口相对静电除尘器进口的颗粒物去除效率为99.61%、湿法脱硫装置出口颗粒物浓度是静电除尘器出口颗粒物浓度的4.18倍。此外,也依据计算结果并结合实际情况分析了影响各除尘段颗粒物去除效率的主要成因,这些成因主要包括各除尘段功能、脱硫剂与脱硫副产品的颗粒物、脱硫装置运行平稳性等,期望本研究成果能对电厂燃煤锅炉大气污染控制设施关系调整、重新设计及大气环境污染治理思路调整提供重要科学依据与指导。     

黑河下游额济纳河流域生态环境现状及发展趋势

本文通过资料和监测数据阐述了2006—2011年黑河下游额济纳河流域生态环境现状及其变化趋势。土地覆盖监测数据结果表明,截至2011年额济纳河流域绿洲面积达3232km^2,水域湿地面积达118km^2,额济纳绿洲植被覆盖度总体呈增加趋势,局部地区增加显著,而个别地区植被呈缓慢退化。水资源调查数据说明。额济纳河流域绿洲的维持和恢复仍取决于黑河水的补给量,近几年黑河水在额济纳境内的进入量基本能维持额济纳现有绿洲规模。     

树木水分胁迫和抗旱性机理研究进展

本文从植物对干旱胁迫的反应和抗旱指标、光合作用和蒸腾作用和水分利用效率等研究途径,以及人工采取的抗旱措施等方面阐述了森林植物的抗旱性机理研究现状,并提出了今后研究的重点方向。