微波诱导催化剂MnO/MgO的制备及其活性研究

采用均匀沉淀法制备了微波诱导催化剂MnO/MgO,通过实验确定催化剂的制备条件并对催化剂的形貌进行了SEM表征。实验结果表明,在微波功率900 W,微波时间8 min,催化剂投加量0.6 g/L的条件下,利用微波诱导氧化技术处理50 mL浓度为50 mg/L的活性艳蓝,活性艳蓝的脱色率达到了96%,H2O2的加入能提高脱色效率,缩短反应时间。     

镜泊湖水环境容量与水污染防治对策研究

随着镜泊湖旅游业快速发展,环境压力指数化增加长,环境保护面临着巨大的挑战。针对镜泊湖水环境污染严重的状况,在水质现状评价的基础上,计算了镜泊湖高锰酸盐指数和总磷两项指标的水环境容量值,并对计算结果进行了分析。在水环境容量计算结果的基础上,结合实际情况提出了镜泊湖流域水环境保护的措施和建议,为合理有效地利用水环境容量资源和区域可持续发展提供理论支撑和对策。     

环境实验室仪器设备期间核查研究

为了统一规范环境实验室仪器设备期间核查工作,分析了环境实验室仪器设备期间核查对象、主要内容、核查方法,提出了具体实施流程和结果处理方法.应加快期间核查相关标准的制定,以便统一规范环境仪器设备期间核查方法和要求,及时评价仪器设备的运行状态,增强检测数据的准确性,提高检测质量.     

型煤产业发展与提高

本文论述发展工业型煤产业的重要意义和技术质量保证,洁净煤技术是控制污染和节约能源,提高煤炭资源利用率的重要技术项目,将粉煤生产成型煤,为工业、民用提供洁净的燃料,既充分利用煤炭资源同时改善能源结构,又有显著的环保效益,国家把煤炭产业列入中国洁净煤技术有限发展项目,目前制约型煤产业的发展要造气型和燃烧型煤并举,同时有利于用户的节能效益。     

基于投入产出法的中国虚拟水国际贸易分析

文章引入虚拟水和虚拟水贸易的概念,基于投入产出方法,对中国虚拟水贸易进行研究分析。选取2002年、2005年和2007年相关数据,计算中国17个行业及全国的虚拟水进出口量,分析中国虚拟水进出口情况,指出中国是一个虚拟水净出口国,并且虚拟水净出口量始终处于增长状态,主要出口到美洲、欧洲和亚洲。在中国虚拟水贸易中,对虚拟水净出口贡献较大的行业为服装皮革羽绒及其制品业、纺织业、木材加工及家具制造业和农业,而对虚拟水净进口有贡献的行业为能源行业、金属矿采选业、化学工业、仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业,由于净出口行业基本上为耗水量比较大的行业,净进口行业耗水量相对较小,这就导致了中国虚拟水始终处于净出口状态。这些都为行业战略调整提供了一定的依据。     

无机添加剂对PVDF/PMMA/TPU中空纤维共混膜结构与性能的影响

采用相转化法制备纳米氧化物PVDF/PMMA/TPU共混中空纤维膜。测定共混膜的纯水接触角和黏度、并经扫描电子显微镜、共混膜的超滤实验和拉伸实验分别对不同添加剂膜的亲水性能、微观结构、超滤性能和机械性能进行了分析。结果表明,纳米氧化物的加入使膜的性能有明显的改善,其中无氧化物、添加SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3的PVDF/PMMA/TPU复合膜对牛血清白蛋白的截留率分别为28.7%、65.8%7、1.4%和79.6%,同时添加无机氧化物的膜水通量也较未添加无机氧化物的膜有所提高;而且无机氧化物的加入还能改善膜的亲水性能和机械性能。     

Integrated river basin management in rapidly urbanizing areas: a case of Shenzhen, China

The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development. This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management (IRBM) using Longgang River basin of Shenzhen as an example, which is the city with the fastest rate of urbanization in China and even the whole world. Over the past 20 years, China has undergone a population boom due to the increase of immigrant workers and rapid development of laborintensive industries, which led to the sharp increase of water consumption and sewage discharge. However, the construction of the water infrastructure is still lagging far behind the environmental and social development, with only 32.7% of sewage in the district being treated. Currently, every water quality indicator of the Longgang River basin was unable to meet the required corresponding environmental standards, which further aggravated the water shortages of the region. Thus, an analytical framework is proposed to address the IRBM of the study area. The problems with the current management system include the lack of decentralization in decision-making, lack of enforcement with redundant plans, weak management capacity, financial inadequacy, and a poor system of stakeholder participation. In light of the principles of IRBM and the situation of the region, corresponding measures are put forward, including an increase of power given to sub-district offices, fewer but more feasible plans, capacity building among stakeholders, a combination of planning and marketing for overcoming financial inadequacy, and profound reform in the public participation system. The framework and institutional suggestions could inform similar processes in other representative river basins.     

Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior

Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.     

软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝尾液氧化除铁的研究

软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝尾液中的铁离子杂质会影响后面的硫酸锰、硝酸锰产品的纯度,而铁离子主要以Fe2+的形式存在,因此必须先将Fe2-氧化成Fe3+以Fe(OH),的形式除铁.对空气、双氧水和二氧化锰三种氧化剂进行了投加量、pH值、反应时间等操作参数对氧化除铁效果影响的对比实验研究.结果表明,空气为性价比较高的氧化剂.     

热带季节雨林林窗区域土壤-植物-大气连续体热力效应初步分析

利用西双版纳雾凉季和干热季热带季节雨林林窗的小气候观测资料,探讨了昼间林窗地表温、气温及下层植物的叶温的时空分布和变化规律,分析了叶温与气温和地表温的相互关系指出在林窗区域,由于受雾和太阳高度的影响,各小气候要素最大值随时间、季节的不同,出现在林窗不同的方位,并且存在叶温高值区时空动态位移现象;另外,林窗区域土壤-植物-大气连续体界面间热量传递方向随时间、季节的不同而发生着改变,甚至在同一时段内,林窗不同区域会存在热量传递方向截然相反的现象,显示出林窗内可能存在热量循环的小环流.其结果对深入探讨林窗区域的热量传输,小气候的形成机制、生物多样性和更新等问题均具有重要意义.