污染生态学的新发展—污染进化生态学

污染胁迫的最显著效应是消除敏感物种或个体，导致植物居群进化。突变是进化的原料，选择是进化的手段，隔离是进化的条件，控制抗性性状的基因因物种及污染物的种类不同而异，但也会出现植物同时具有对某两种或几种污染物的抗性，即所谓协同抗性；污染除使植物衰退外，还可能导致一些遗传信息丧失，使抗性种群内物种单一，降低其适合度，对其它环境胁迫因素的抵抗力下降，即所谓适应代价。     

大窑湾疏浚水环境要素变化特征及其相关关系

根据大窑湾后６个泊位疏浚工程本底调查和疏浚监测结果，借助因子分析探讨了疏浚前后水环境要素的变化特征及相关关系，找出了控制污染物分布的主要因子，评价了疏浚对海洋环境的影响。     

湖泊沉积物－水界面的HCO_3~－地球化学研究

为了解沉积物－水界面作为水体ＨＣＯ_３~－的源还是汇，选择云南洱海和泸沽湖两个湖泊，通过界面精细剖面和平衡计算，揭示了ＨＣＯ_３~－在界面的地球化学行为。结果表明，界面作为ＨＣＯ_３~－的源，并非汇，通过沉积物和水相互作用可以影响上覆水体的酸碱平衡关系。     

GdFeO3上CO氧化的Redox机理动力学

ＧｄＦｅＯ３用柠檬酸络合制备。用ＸＲＤ测定ＧｄＦｅＯ３为钙钛矿结构。用ＣＯ还原脉冲及用Ｏ２再氧化脉冲证实在ＧｄＦｅＯ３上ＣＯ氧化为Ｒｅｄｏｘ机理。用外循环流动无梯度反应顺研究了ＣＯ氧化稳态动力学。用正交设计法估计动力学方程中的参数。还原催化剂再氧化为控制步骤。     

聚合铝的凝聚絮凝特征及作用机理

采用不同碱化度B(OH/Al)值的聚合铝和AlCl_3对高岭土悬浊液进行凝聚絮凝实验,同时测定电泳度及表面吸附特征,结合不同铝盐的化学形态分布,探讨聚合铝的高效凝聚作用原理.并求得表面吸附覆盖率,电位变化与形态分布间的定量关系,绘出聚合铝的凝聚区域图,对阐明聚合铝的作用机理提供了实验依据.     

活性碳纤维吸附CS2蒸气的热力学研究

通过吸附热力学研究,计算出CS_2蒸气在活性碳纤维(ACF)上的吸附热、吸附功和吸附熵.结果表明,吸附属物理吸附范畴,所用吸附剂样品表面是不均匀的.     

Petroleum waste biodegradation with porous biomass support system (PBSS) on rotating biological contactor

A laboratory scale study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the new coupling of rotating biological contactor (RBC) plus porous biomass support system (PBSS) using polyurethane foam as porous support media to biodegrade petroleum refinery wastewater. Polyurethane foam was attached on disks of two four-stage laboratory scale cascade connected RBC units.The two RBC units were operated simultaneously at different but constant, flowrates giving hydraulic loading rates of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 m3/m2/d in two runs keeping the same rotational speed 10 r/min throughout. Organic loading was a less controllable factor in this study.For all of the hydraulic loadings, it was found that the removal efficiency of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and oil were above 80 percent. Ammonia nitrogen and phenol removal were above 90 and 80 percent respectively. The maximum biomass concentration within polyurethane foam was about 30 g/m2 in the first stage for 0.03 m3/m2/d hydraulic loading.The results show that t     

Gas chromatographic separation and determination of chloroanthracene isomers on fly ash

An efficient, reproducible and rapid fused silica capillary column gas chromatographic method, in splitless mode, for analysing of the three chloroanthracene isomers is described. The method affords efficient separation and good linearity for each isomer in the range of 0.2 -200 μg/ml. The method can also be used in separation and determination of another thirty three aromatic and their halosubstituted compounds. This paper also presents the applications of the method in analysing of complex products mixture from reaction of the selected aromatic compounds with hydrogen chloride on fly ash surface from municipal incinerator.     

电场耦合高效液相色谱柱改善极性芳烃分离的研究

从燃烧的煤和油中排放出来的极性污染物,包含有多种含氮、氧和硫的极性多环芳烃(PAH),这些极性组分比非极性组分常具有更强的致癌和致突变性。目前,正相高效液相色谱(NP-HPLC)常被用来分离分析这类极性组分。 但是,要提高这些极性组分分离的选择性,现大多采用梯度洗脱的方法。也就是改变流动相极性的方法。本文介绍了一种高压电场耦合色谱柱的新方法。这种技术除了具     

Status of air pollution in Beijing

A study has been made on elements organic constituents, TSP, SO2,NO2 of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing. 17 elements, and some PAHs, e. g. B(a)P, B(b, j, k)P, and B(g, h, i)P, in airborne particles by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and HPLC, GC/MS, have been determined respectively. It has been shown that the elements Pb, Zn, S and Cu were more enriched in fine particles and different valence states of sulfur at various sites. It was found that the concentrations of S6+ and S2-were more than 85% and less than 15% of the total sulfur respectively. Concentrations of major PAHs and sulfur-containing compounds increased in winter and in urban area. High values for Pb and Zn in city, Fe and Mn at industrial area and Cu, Al rural sites were obtained respectively. This implies the functions of different elemental sources of various sites. Thus, elements can be from distingushed anthropogenic and natural sources.The main contribution of SO2 was found of to have same seasonal variation as the anthropogenic el