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231.
Repartition of PCDD and PCDF in the emissions of municipal solid waste incinerators between the particulate and volatile phases 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Littarru P 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2006,26(8):861-868
The present paper refers to the results of a research project on the polychlorinated dibenzyil-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans repartition in particulate and volatile phase in emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators. The distribution of such micropollutants between the different phases is analyzed in terms of absolute weights and in terms of 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD Equivalents. This paper shows that more than half of the total content of PCDD/Fs emitted are adsorbed in the fly ash, with the remaining part in the volatile phase. Such repartition is inverted if the PCDD/Fs are expressed in terms of 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD Equivalent. 相似文献
232.
Jurate Kumpiene Paolo Desogus Sven Schulenburg Mariarita Arenella Giancarlo Renella Evelina Brännvall Anders Lagerkvist Lale Andreas Rolf Sjöblom 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8649-8662
The aim of the study was to determine if an As-contaminated soil, stabilized using zerovalent iron (Fe0) and its combination with gypsum waste, coal fly ash, peat, or sewage sludge, could be used as a construction material at the top layer of the landfill cover. A reproduction of 2 m thick protection/vegetation layer of a landfill cover using a column setup was used to determine the ability of the amendments to reduce As solubility and stimulate soil functionality along the soil profile. Soil amendment with Fe0 was highly efficient in reducing As in soil porewater reaching 99 % reduction, but only at the soil surface. In the deeper soil layers (below 0.5 m), the Fe treatment had a reverse effect, As solubility increased dramatically exceeding that of the untreated soil or any other treatment by one to two orders of magnitude. A slight bioluminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri was detected in the Fe0 treatment. Soil amendment with iron and peat showed no toxicity to bacteria and was the most efficient in reducing dissolved As in soil porewater throughout the 2 m soil profile followed by iron and gypsum treatment, most likely resulting from a low soil density and a good air diffusion to the soil. The least suitable combination of soil amendments for As immobilization was a mixture of iron with coal fly ash. An increase in all measured enzyme activities was observed in all treatments, particularly those receiving organic matter. For As to be stable in soil, a combination of amendments that can keep the soil porous and ensure the air diffusion through the entire soil layer of the landfill cover is required. 相似文献
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235.
The Growing Need for Sustainable Ecological Management of Marine Communities of the Persian Gulf 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sale PF Feary DA Burt JA Bauman AG Cavalcante GH Drouillard KG Kjerfve B Marquis E Trick CG Usseglio P Van Lavieren H 《Ambio》2011,40(1):4-17
The Persian Gulf is a semi-enclosed marine system surrounded by eight countries, many of which are experiencing substantial development. It is also a major center for the oil industry. The increasing array of anthropogenic disturbances may have substantial negative impacts on marine ecosystems, but this has received little attention until recently. We review the available literature on the Gulfs marine environment and detail our recent experience in the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) to evaluate the role of anthropogenic disturbance in this marine ecosystem. Extensive coastal development may now be the single most important anthropogenic stressor. We offer suggestions for how to build awareness of environmental risks of current practices, enhance regional capacity for coastal management, and build cooperative management of this important, shared marine system. An excellent opportunity exists for one or more of the bordering countries to initiate a bold and effective, long-term, international collaboration in environmental management for the Gulf. 相似文献
236.
Guazzoni N Comolli R Mariani L Cola G Parolini M Binelli A Tremolada P 《Chemosphere》2011,83(2):186-192
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a threat to environmental and human health due to their persistence and toxicological effects. In this paper, we analyse some meteorological and organic-matter-related effects on their distribution in the soils of an Alpine environment that is not subject to direct contamination. We collected samples and measured the contamination of 12 selected congeners from three soil layers (O, A1 and A2) and from North-, plain- and South-facing slopes on six different dates spanning the entire snowless portion of the year. We recorded the hourly air and soil temperatures, humidity and rainfall in the study period. We found evidence that PCBs contamination in soils varies significantly, depending on sampling date, layer and aspect. The observed seasonal trend shows an early summer peak and a rapid decrease during June. The layer effect demonstrates higher dry-weight-based concentrations in the O layer, whereas the differences are much smaller for SOM-based concentrations. Different factors caused significantly higher concentrations in northern soils, with a N/S enrichment factor ranging from 1.8 to 1.5 during the season. The southern site has significantly more rapid early-summer re-volatilisation kinetics (half-time of 16 d for South, 25 d for North). 相似文献
237.
238.
Valentina Milana Paolo Franchini Luciana Sola Elisa Angiulli Anna Rita Rossi 《Marine Biology》2012,159(2):399-411
Atherina boyeri is a common inhabitant of the Mediterranean brackish and coastal waters. Several recent studies proposed the recognition
of three distinct forms/species (one lagoon/freshwater and two marine) within an A. boyeri complex. In this study, we used 10 newly available microsatellite loci to better define the genetic structure of the lagoon
form. A total of 428 fishes from 11 lagoons along the Italian and Albanian coasts and three Italian lakes were analyzed. A
pronounced genetic spatial structure was confirmed for all considered geographic scales (near, medium and broad). A restricted
gene flow was detected, suggesting reduced population connectivity. The comparison of present data and previous studies, based
on mtDNA and RAPD markers, allowed a preliminary identification of the roles of recent factors (gene flow, habitat discontinuity
and water currents) and past events (e.g., Pleistocene glaciations) in shaping the pattern of genetic differentiation. 相似文献
239.
Aluminium is the most-used metal in the world after steel, with a wide range of applications in the industrial field owing to its physical and mechanical properties. The aim of this study was environmental and economic analysis of secondary aluminium. In particular, this study demonstrated that aluminium recycling offers many advantages to both consumers and industry:
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Increased energy savings compared to primary aluminium production;
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Recovery and reuse of raw materials for future production avoids consumption of non-renewable resources;
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Reduction in landfill waste and consequent environmental damage;
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Reduction in bauxite mining which, in turn, will reduce the socio-economic impact on populations of those countries, mainly underdeveloped, that contain mines;
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Economic advantages for Italy, the first European producer of secondary aluminium, which lacks bauxite mines and has high energy costs.
240.
We consider the concept of mutual information in ecological networks, and use this idea to analyse the Tangled Nature model of co-evolution. We show that this measure of correlation has two distinct behaviours depending on how we define the network in question: if we consider only the network of viable species this measure increases, whereas for the whole system it decreases. It is suggested that these are complimentary behaviours that show how ecosystems can become both more stable and better adapted. 相似文献