利福平废水处理的工艺实验研究

采用水解酸化-UASB(上流式厌氧污泥反应床)-接触氧化-生物活性炭工艺对利福平废水进行了生化处理。结果表明:水解酸化可以有效提高废水的可生化性,大幅度提高后续的厌氧-好氧处理效果,工艺末端的生物活性炭深度处理可以有效的去除好氧出水的COD和色度,使得出水达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》的规定标准。     

Sediment geochemistry and arsenic mobilization in shallow aquifers of the Datong basin,northern China

Understanding the mechanism of arsenic (As) mobilization from sediments to groundwater is important for water quality management in areas of endemic arsenic poisoning, such as the Datong basin in northern China. The bulk geochemistry analysis of sediment samples from three 50-m boreholes drilled specifically for this study at As-contaminated aquifers, the groundwaters of which have an As concentration up to 1060 μg/l, revealed that the average bulk concentrations of major and trace elements of the samples are similar to those of the average upper continental crust. The average As content of the sediment samples (18.7 mg/kg) is higher than that of modern unconsolidated sediments (5–10 mg/kg). Moreover, the abundance of elements varied with grain size, with higher concentrations in finer fractions of the sediments, such as silt and clay. The concentration of NH₂OH–HCl-extracted iron (Fe) strongly correlated with that of extracted As, suggesting that Fe oxyhydroxides may be the major sink of As in the aquifer. The results of microcosm experiments showed that As mobilization from sediments to groundwater is probably mainly related to changes in the redox conditions, with moderately reducing conditions being favorable for As release from sediments into groundwater.     

Asymmetric genetic exchange in the brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme (Phaeophyceae) driven by oceanic currents

Geological phenomena (e.g. drastic sea level fluctuations during the Quaternary Ice Age in the Northern Hemisphere) have been demonstrated to intensively affect the biogeographic patterns and tempo-spatial compositions of genetic diversity of marine organisms. However, it is poorly understood whether contemporary factors such as oceanic surface currents have also shaped inter-regional population genetics of specific coastal marine flora, with or without limited dispersal capability. In this study, we determined mtDNA Cox1 gene sequences of the brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme from nine populations along the Chinese coast and one population from the west coast of South Korea, in an effort to understand what factors are contributing to their current genetic structure and geographic distribution patterns. Genetic analyses indicated a deep genetic break between the Yellow-Bohai Sea (YBS) and the other two marginal seas, the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS). In particular, the amount of genetic exchange from the SCS to each of the ECS and YBS was significantly higher than that from the opposite directions. Our analyses supports the hypothesis that biogeographic patterns of genetic variation in S. fusiforme are probably an interactive consequence of post-glacial colonization from two scattered refugia driven by the offshore Kuroshio Current and asymmetric gene flow among adjacent sea margins.     

Take back and treatment of discarded electronics: a scientific update

This paper indicates that the performance of tack-back and treatment of electronic waste (e-waste) system can be improved substantially. This can be reached by better taking into account in a better way the big variety in material composition and potential toxicity of electrical and electronic products - from a technical, organizational and regulatory perspective. Realizing that there is no ‘one size fit for all’ and combining smart tailor made solutions with economic of sale will result in the best environmental gain/cost ratio. Several examples show how science and engineering have supported or will support this approach.     

中国资源能源稀缺度因子及其在生命周期评价中的应用

在生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)方法中,利用资源稀缺度因子,可以综合评价一个产品生命周期中总体的资源消耗水平。论文基于广泛采用的CML方法中的非生物资源消耗(Abiotic Depletion Potential, ADP)因子,通过引入中国的资源自给率修正,得出了中国非生物资源消耗因子(Chinese Abiotic Depletion Potential,CADP)及其指标。CADP因子可支持国内LCA研究和相关政策研究中的资源、能源消耗综合评价,同时也为其他国家或地区的资源评价提供了一种普遍适用的方法。案例研究表明,1 kWh电网电力的生命周期CADP指标为1.02 kg coal-R eq.,60.46%的贡献都来自于原煤资源的消耗,其次来自石油的消耗(11.63%),此外还包括基础设施建设中铜、镍等资源的消耗。     

Automatic imitation of risky behavior: a study of simulated driving in china

Objective: Imitation of risky behaviors among drivers is a potentially dangerous threat to driving safety but is infrequently discussed in the existing literature. To enrich the understanding of drivers' imitation behaviors on the road, 2 experiments were designed for a simulated traffic environment. Methods: Safe and risky behaviors were demonstrated by model vehicles separately in the 2 experiments, and imitation behaviors of the participants were observed and analyzed. Results: From experiment 1 it was found that the following distance of participants (measured in time headway) was affected by the distance demonstrated by other vehicles on the road. The influence was stronger when the speed was low, and the participants imitated both risky and safe behavior models. When the speed was high, the participants tended to only learn safe behaviors. In experiment 2, when approaching yellow lights, it was examined whether a driver's decision (pass or stop) would be affected by the behavior of another vehicle (the model vehicle), which was designed to either pass through or stop at the intersection. When the model vehicle ran the yellow light, 65 percent of the participants did the same, even though they were 30?m behind the model vehicle. In contrast, if the model vehicle stopped at the intersection, only 25 percent of the participants decided to pass. Conclusions: It was found that both novice and experienced participants had the tendency to imitate what they saw but were rarely aware of the influence by other drivers in both scenarios.     

资源,环境与区域可持续发展研究

本文为探讨中国未来区域发展模式，分析了当今世界区域发展中资源，环境与区域发展的关系，分别从资源和环境的角度归纳出数种区域发展模式，并在简要分析各种发展模式特点的基础上，提出了中国区域发展模式。     

Health risk assessment of dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Taiyuan, China

Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were determined in 24 duplicate-diet samples from people in Taiyuan during summer and winter in 2009. Dietary intake of PAHs for 2862 participants was subsequently estimated by a survey in Taiyuan. Results from these 24 samples were compared with a raw food study in Taiyuan in 2008. Three main sources of dietary PAHs are vegetables, wheat flour and fruits, the sum of which contributes 75.95% of PAHs in dietary food. Compared to the estimated value in raw food, much more B[a]Peq （benzo[a]pyrene equivalents） were detected in food samples collected in the duplicate-diet study in Taiyuan （60.75 ng/day）. The cooking process may introduce more B[a]Peq into food, and the relative contribution of 16 PAHs in the diet would be changed during the cooking procedure.     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中总铬

建立了土壤中总铬测定的石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法;以塞曼效应扣除背景,优化了石墨炉灰化、原子化温度、停留时间及基体改进剂用量。结果表明:当原子化温度为2 700℃,灰化温度为700℃,原子化时间2 s,灰化时间为9 s;基体改进剂用量为3~5μL时,仪器可以达到最佳工作状态。该方法铬元素浓度在0~32μg/L内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 9,检出限为0.3 mg/kg;对土壤标样GSS-1和ESS-1的铬测定精密度均小于5%,相对误差在-4.8%~-0.7%之间,方法的灵敏度和准确度均符合要求。因此,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中总铬具有原子化温度高、干扰少、灵敏度高等特点可适用土壤中总铬的测定。