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91.
92.
Manuela?Krakau Sabine?Jacobsen Kurt?Thomas?Jensen Karsten?ReiseEmail author 《Marine Biology》2012,159(1):221-230
The cockle Cerastoderma (Cardium) edule (L.) ranges from NW Africa to northern Scandinavia. Abundance in shallow coastal sediment is often high, and it attracts
commercial harvest. In this study, a complex genetic pattern has been revealed by mitochondrial DNA in 383 individuals from
19 sampling sites. Parsimony network analysis of 79 haplotypes identified two dominant central haplotypes separated by low
divergence. One is characteristic for a homogenous southwestern group of populations from Africa to the British Isles. The
other is characteristic for a heterogeneous northern group with a deviant Arctic population. At the entrance of the Baltic
Sea, a mixture zone of the dominant haplotypes was found. The estimated population expansion time for the northern haplotype
group predates that of the southwestern one, suggesting northern glacial refugia and a subsequent southern expansion of C. edule populations. 相似文献
93.
Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati Diego Rubolini Maria Romano Marco Cucco Mauro Fasola Manuela Caprioli Nicola Saino 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(5):845-855
Maternal effects through albumen quality are largely unexplored, despite the fundamental role that albumen exerts as source
of proteins and water, as well as for antimicrobial defence of the embryo. We analysed the variation of two major albumen
antimicrobials, avidin and lysozyme, by extracting samples from freshly laid eggs of the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) and by correlating their levels to egg features. Lysozyme concentration increased along the laying sequence, while avidin
concentration decreased. Both antimicrobials declined during the season. In addition, avidin concentration declined from first-
to last-laid male eggs, whereas the opposite was true among the female eggs. We also analysed chick body mass and size and
immune response, in relation to albumen antimicrobial levels in their original egg while controlling for potential covariation
between egg quality and rearing conditions by cross-fostering eggs between nests. Tarsus length decreased with avidin concentration,
particularly early in the season. Avidin concentration negatively predicted tarsus length of chicks and the phytohaemagglutinin
response of females, but not males. However, chick phenotype did not covary with lysozyme albumen concentration. This is the
first study where maternal effects mediated by albumen antimicrobials are investigated in relation to both sex and egg features
in any wild bird species. Whether the observed patterns of variation in antimicrobial concentration are the by-product of
maternal physiological constraints, or reflect adaptive allocation strategies, cannot be ascertained. The covariation between
chick cell-mediated immunity and albumen avidin concentration might be causal, according to the documented effects of albumen
proteins on immunity in other species. 相似文献
94.
Nicola Saino Maria Romano Diego Rubolini Manuela Caprioli Roberto Ambrosini Mauro Fasola 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(11):1813-1821
Parental decisions can determine offspring experience of environmental conditions. Such ‘maternal’ effects act both before and after hatching via, e.g., egg quality or the social milieu predisposed by parents. Resource availability may constrain the expression of adaptive maternal effects, and the specific pattern of allocation of these effects among offspring depending on their sex or birth order can result in different fitness payoffs to parents. Declining egg mass with laying order observed in several bird species may constitute an adaptive strategy of parental favouritism towards early hatching offspring with larger reproductive value but may also result from nutritional constraints on laying effort. A previous study has shown that the small size of the third, last laid (c-)egg in yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) clutches depends on food availability and that food-supplemented mothers increase the size of their female but not male c-eggs. Here, we show that increased mass of c-eggs laid by females supplemented with food after clutch initiation depends on increased albumen mass, which, in turn, enhances the size of daughters at hatching. Because asynchronous hatching results in a competitive disadvantage of c-chicks, present results suggest that mothers relieved from nutritional constraints enhance the size of daughters to compensate for their larger susceptibility to hatching last. The study also confirms the role of egg albumen content in determining hatchling size, previously experimentally detected only in one species in the wild. The effect of increased egg mass on offspring size persisted at least until day 8 after hatching, when, however, it did not vary with sex, suggesting intense negative selection on small female c-chicks in control broods. Hence, maternal effects mediated by egg albumen content had persistent effects on offspring size. 相似文献
95.
Martin Krapp Annegret Geipel Ute Germer Manuela Krokowski Ulrich Gembruch 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(5):422-424
Congenital megalourethra is a rare disorder. We present an early case diagnosed in the first trimester. Prenatal ultrasound showed a megalourethra with a normal fetal bladder, hyperechogenic cystic right kidney and single umbilical artery. After termination of pregnancy, necropsy confirmed all sonographic findings and revealed other malformations (spina bifida occulta, anal atresia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, brachydactylia) resulting in the diagnosis of VACTERL association. The prenatal diagnostician should seek histological examination firstly to confirm his findings and secondly to avoid missing associations and inherited malformations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
96.
Lucas A. Salas Laia Font-Riber Mariona Bustamante Lauro Sumoy Joan O. Grimalt Sarah Bonnin Maria Aguilar Heidi Mattlin Manuela Hummel Anna Ferrer Manolis Kogevinas Cristina M. Villanueva 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):250-261
Exposure to disinfection by-products(DBP) such as trihalomethanes(THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term changes in blood gene expression of adult recreational swimmers after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Volunteers swam 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. Blood samples were drawn and four THM(chloroform,bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were measured in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Intensity of physical activity was measured as metabolic equivalents(METs). Gene expression in whole blood m RNA was evaluated using Illumina Human HT-12v3 Expression-Bead Chip. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression changes and THM exposure. Thirty-seven before-after pairs were analyzed. The median increase from baseline to after swimming were: 0.7 to 2.3 for MET, and 1.4 to 7.1 μg/m~3 for exhaled total THM(sum of the four THM).Exhaled THM increased on average 0.94 μg/m~3 per 1 MET. While 1643 probes were differentially expressed post-exposure. Of them, 189 were also associated with exhaled levels of individual/total THM or MET after False Discovery Rate. The observed associations with the exhaled THM were low to moderate(Log-fold change range:-0.17 to 0.15). In conclusion, we identified short-term gene expression changes associated with swimming in a pool that were minor in magnitude and their biological meaning was unspecific. The high collinearity between exhaled THM levels and intensity of physical activity precluded mutually adjusted models with both covariates. These exploratory results should be validated in future studies. 相似文献
97.
Bastiancich Leone Lasagna Manuela Mancini Susanna Falco Mauro De Luca Domenico Antonio 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1971-1994
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - In the context of global climate change, understanding the relationships between climate and groundwater is increasingly important. This study in the NW Alps... 相似文献