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251.
长江滩地资源调查与开发研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
李劲峰 《长江流域资源与环境》1997,6(3):216-218
利用先进的遥感技术对滩地资源进行调查,可以直接准确地圈定滩地的范围及其土壤性质。本文以遥感技术为基础提出了长江滩地的综合开发模式。 相似文献
252.
Yan Ding Han Jiang Hefeng Zhang Mingliang Fu Zhihui Huang Hong Ni Hang Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):460-475
In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to reducing emissions from mobile sources with the dramatic growth of motor vehicle and nonroad mobile source populations. Compilation of a mobile source emission inventory is conducive to the analysis of pollution emission characteristics and the formulation of emission reduction policies. This study summarizes the latest compilation approaches and data acquisition methods for mobile source emission inventories. For motor vehicles, a high-resolution emission inventory can be developed based on a bottom-up approach with a refined traffic flow model and real-world speed-coupled emission factors. The top-down approach has advantages when dealing with macroscale vehicle emission estimation without substantial traffic flow infrastructure. For nonroad mobile sources, nonroad machinery, inland river ships, locomotives, and civil aviation aircraft, a top-down approach based on fuel consumption or power is adopted. For ocean-going ships, a bottom-up approach based on automatic identification system (AIS) data is adopted. Three typical cases are studied, including emission reduction potential, a cost-benefit model, and marine shipping emission control. Outlooks and suggestions are given on future research directions for emission inventories for mobile sources: building localized emission models and factor databases, improving the dynamic updating capability of emission inventories, establishing a database of emission factors of unconventional pollutants and greenhouse gas from mobile sources, and establishing an urban high temporal-spatial resolution volatile organic compound (VOC) evaporation emission inventory. 相似文献
253.
以不同氟化物为晶面控制剂,采用超声辅助-溶胶凝胶法制备{001}和{101}晶面协同的F-TiO2,借助XRD、TEM和EDS表征其物相结构、微观形貌和元素组成,通过改变氟化物种类和添加量确定F-TiO2的最佳制备条件,并探讨其可见光催化过程中的主要活性物种及作用机理,研究关键反应参数对F-TiO2光催化活性的影响.结果表明,引入NH4F、NaF和HF可调控TiO2沿{001}、{101}晶面生长,同时F-掺杂能够增大材料的比表面积,制备所得材料的光催化性能均高于纯TiO2.但在NaBF4调控下合成的TiO2为锐钛矿/金红石/Na3TiF6三相共存的半导体耦合结构,可见光催化活性显著下降.当NH4F添加量为0.1 g时,材料显示出最强的光催化性能,可见光照射60 min后RhB的降解率为97.24%,矿化率达78.39%.降解反应符合一级反应动力学规律,速率常数为0.1321 min-1.通过自由基捕获实验和ESR测试发现,h+、·OH均以关键活性因子参与F-TiO2的可见光催化过程.F-TiO2光催化活性增强主要归因于{001}和{101}晶面的协同作用和表面异质结的形成,其能有效提高光催化反应过程中光生电子空穴对的分离和迁移效率.在可见光照射下,适当增加催化剂投加量,降低RhB初始浓度,控制溶液为中性环境,可显著提高材料的降解速率. 相似文献
254.
Yang Wenhao Zhang Taoxiang Lin Sen Ni Wuzhong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(16):14234-14248
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The recovery of microbial community and activities is crucial to the remediation of contaminated soils. Distance-dependent variations of microbial... 相似文献
255.
256.
Deng Longzhou Sun Tianyu Fei Kai Zhang Liping Fan Xiaojuan Wu Yanhong Ni Liang Sun Rui 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(28):37204-37216
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil total carbon (TC), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) exports from the weathered granite slopes are greatly influenced by the complex hydrological... 相似文献
257.
Modeling net primary production of a fast-growing forest using a light use efficiency model 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
As interest grows in the quantification of global carbon cycles, Light Use Efficiency (LUE) model predictions of the forest net primary production (NPP) are being developed at an accelerating rate. Such models can provide useful predictions at large scales, but evaluating their performance has been difficult. In this study, a remote sensing-based LUE model was established to estimate forest NPP. Using the forest inventory data (FID) from the regional forest inventory survey in China and established allometric biomass equations, we calculated the biomass, the biomass increment, and the NPP of Eucalyptus urophylla (E. urophylla) plantation plots in the forestry jurisdiction of the Leizhou Forestry Bureau, Southern China. The FID-based NPP and the NPP from LUE model predictions were then compared to each other. Results show that the NPP from model predictions at a spatial resolution of 30 m × 30 m varied from 0 to 265 gC/(m2 month) and showed regional differences. In addition, the stand age had variable effects on the average individual biomass of the E. urophylla plantation plots. The average individual biomass of the young and mid-age forests increased exponentially and logarithmically with the stand age (R2 = 0.9178 and R2 = 0.8683), respectively. For young and mid-age E. urophylla plantation plots, the LUE model-predicted NPP was fairly consistent with the FID-based NPP, but the model predictions of the NPP were higher than the estimates from FID. Through the analysis of the causes of uncertainty and the possible reasons for the discrepancy between the model-based NPP and FID-based NPP, the FID-derived estimates provided a foundation for model evaluation. 相似文献
258.
Ni?Zhao Xinwei?LuEmail author Shigang?Chao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(2):483-496
Concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn and Mo) in smaller than 100-μm street dust particles from Xining, a typical valley-city in northwestern China, were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and their potential risks to local ecosystem and human health were assessed using potential ecological risk index and health risk model. The results indicate that the concentration of As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn and Mo in the smaller than 100-μm street dust particles from Xining ranges from 0.8 to 11.1, 339.4 to 767.7, 27.2 to 110.2, 185.7 to 5134.5, 15.1 to 115.2, 150.1 to 623.5, 16.8 to 74.1, 24.4 to 233.0, 169.9 to 475.7, 47.4 to 96.8, 33.1 to 231.1 and 0.2 to 4.3 mg kg?1, with an arithmetic mean of 3.6, 415.6, 50.1, 573.0, 40.6, 409.1, 22.6, 52.7, 257.8, 57.1, 108.6 and 2.5 mg kg?1, respectively. Compared to the background value of local soil, the smaller than 100-μm street dust particles from Xining have elevated concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sr and Mo. The contamination levels of Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sr and Mo are higher than As, Mn, Ni and V. The comprehensive potential ecological risk levels of PTEs were moderate to considerable. The non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs studied on children and adults due to dust exposure are limited except for Cr to children. Cr in the dust may pose a potential health risk to children; this should draw more attention. 相似文献
259.
光照、温度和氮磷限制对6种典型鱼毒性藻类生长及产毒的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了探究温度、光照、和营养盐对鱼毒性藻类产毒的影响,本文分析了6种我国沿海典型具溶血活性的鱼毒性藻类在不同温度(15℃,25℃,30℃)、光照强度(20 mol/m2/s,60 mol/m2/s,100 mol/m2/s)、氮磷限制(1:1;1:16;1:128)条件下的生长和溶血活性的变化。结果表明,鱼毒性藻类的溶血活性在不同生长期差异明显。海洋卡盾藻(香港株)(Chattonella marina)、卵圆卡盾藻(C.ovata)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)在对数期溶血活性较高,衰亡期溶血活性较低,而球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)与小定鞭藻(Prymnesium parvum)在稳定期溶血活性最高,对数期溶血活性最低。藻类的培养环境和营养条件对鱼毒性藻类溶血毒素的合成有明显的影响,在光照强度、温度和氮磷限制条件下,藻类单个细胞的溶血活性会发生明显变化,6种藻类的溶血活性均随光照强度的升高而增强,在培养温度15~30℃范围内,除球形棕囊藻外,其他5种藻类的单个藻细胞溶血活性随温度的上升而增加,氮磷限制可促进溶血毒素的合成。 相似文献
260.