高含沙水体中黄土吸持和释放铜的机理

研究了高含沙体系中不同环境因素条件下黄土中铜的吸持和释放机理.实验结果表明,黄土对铜的专性吸附和对铜的碳酸盐、氢氧化物等的沉淀作用很强,使黄土对铜有很强的吸持能力.黄土中铜的吸持量随着水体离子强度的增加而减小,且支持电解质阳离子电荷数不同对铜吸持的影响也不同.黄土中吸持的铜在中性盐溶液中释放率小于4%,且随溶液离子强度的增加而增加.pH是影响铜释放的最重要因素,酸性溶液中铜的释放量大于70%,铜释放量随释放溶液pH的降低而增加.水土体系pH恒定时,铜吸持量相同的等量黄土,释放溶液体积越多,铜的释放量和释放率越高;相同含沙量条件下,吸持量越大,释放量和释放率也越大.     

潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算

在众多用潜在生态危害指数法评价重金属污染的文章中,只采用了7个重金属元素的毒性系数,但有的重金属仍是环境污染的重要组成部分。针对此情况,文章根据Hakanson的计算原则,结合陈静生的计算方法,重新计算了十种重金属元素的毒性系数,最后给出了12种重金属的毒性系数,它们分别是Ti=Mn=Zn=1相似文献   

Chemical signature and fractionation of trace elements in fine particles from anthropogenic and natural sources

The health effects of trace metal elements in atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) are widely recognized, however, the emission factor profiles and chemical fractionation of metal elements in different sources were poorly understand. In this study, sixteen metal elements, including Cd, Pb, V, Zn, Ba, Sb, As, Fe, Sr, Cr, Rb, Co, Mn, Cu, Ni and Sn from biomass burning, bituminite and anthracite combustion, as well as dust, were quantified. The results show different emission sources were associated with distinct emission profiles, holding important implications for source apportionment of ambient particulate metals. Specifically, Fe was the dominant metal species (28-1922 mg/kg) for all samples, and was followed by different metals for different samples. For dust, Mn (39.9 mg/kg_dust) had the second-highest emission factor, while for biomass burning, it was Cr and Ba (7.5 and 7.4 mg/kg_biomass, respectively). For bituminous coal combustion, the emission factor of Zn and Ba was 6.2 and 6.0 mg/kg_bituminous, respectively, while for anthracite combustion the corresponding emission factor was 5.6 and 4.3 mg/kg_anthracite, respectively. Moreover, chemical fractionation (i.e., the exchangeable, reducible fraction, oxidizable, and residual fraction) and the bioavailability index (BI) values of the metal elements from different sources were further investigated to reveal the link between different emission sources and the potential health risk. The findings from this study hold important implications for source apportionment and source-specific particulate metal-associated health effects.     

不同钝化剂对土壤环境中重金属有效性和微生物群落的影响

以云南省澜沧拉祜族自治县铅矿区农田污染土壤为研究对象,采用土培实验的方法,研究生物炭、腐殖土和海泡石单施及配施条件下,土壤Pb、Zn和Cd有效态含量、重金属形态分布及微生物群落的变化.结果表明,腐殖土和生物炭改良剂均能有效地降低生物有效态Pb、Zn和Cd的含量,低剂量海泡石的添加修复效果不明显.其中,腐殖土的施入使土壤...     

晚期垃圾渗滤液短程硝化影响因素研究

采用固定化微生物曝气生物滤池（I－BAF）,探讨了水力停留时间（HRT）、游离氨（FA）、pH、溶解氧（DO）对晚期垃圾渗滤液短程硝化的影响和碳氮比（C/N）对同步脱氮的影响。试验结果表明,在HRT为2 d,对应氨氮负荷为0.26～0.3 g/L·d,保持出水FA在1 mg/L以上,pH在79左右,DO控制在1.3±0.2 mg/L时,最利于实现短程硝化。DO是影响短程硝化的决定性因素,DO＞1.6 mg/L时,短程硝化可能向全程硝化转化。投加碳源NaAc并控制C/N在1.6～2.2,可以使部分亚硝氮直接通过同步反硝化去除,提高总氮去除率。     

Effects of multiple antibiotics on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions during swine manure composting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Antibiotics are commonly used in intensive farming, leading to multiple antibiotic residue in livestock waste. However, the effects of multiple...     

环境中黑炭测定方法的研究进展

环境介质中黑炭含量的测定不仅能够准确评估环境黑炭储量,也是表征黑炭性质的重要环节,研究与发展环境黑炭测定技术是探究全球碳循环和黑炭环境效应的重要基石.本文依据测定原理,将黑炭测定方法分为化学氧化法、热氧化法、分子标志物法和光学法,介绍了各种技术的发展与测定特点,并根据黑炭基准材料指导委员会推荐的12种标准物质测定结果,比较了不同黑炭测定方法测定结果存在差异的主要原因,总结归纳了每种测定方法的优缺点.另外,基于研究现状分析,指出黑炭测定方法的比较性研究、黑炭性质精确描述技术的丰富与发展、多种方法结合使用描述黑炭性质、监测黑炭降解周期内的性质变化及其自身降解可能造成的环境影响将成为未来环境介质中黑炭研究领域的重点.     

The impact of organic cotton use and consumer habits in the sustainability of jean production using the LCA approach

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the rise in clothing consumption per person and growing consumer awareness of environmental issues with products, the textile industry must...     

Effect of bamboo biochar on reducing grain cadmium content in two contrasting wheat genotypes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Wheat is the second most important food crop worldwide, which is prone to accumulate cadmium (Cd). Accumulation of Cd in wheat grains depends not only...     

Characterization of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fractions produced by Microcystis aeruginosa under the stress of linoleic acid sustained-release microspheres

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper focuses on the characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are composed of soluble EPS (SL-EPS), loosely bound EPS...