蒲河致嗅类VOSCs污染水平与空间分布及其影响因素

为研究蒲河中致嗅类VOSCs(挥发性有机硫化物)的污染水平、空间分布及其影响因素,采用吹扫捕集(P&T)与气相色谱(GC)/火焰光度检测器(FPD)联用方法,测定水样中14种致嗅类VOSCs的质量浓度,采用相关性分析确定水质因子〔ρ(DO)、ρ(NH₃-N)、ρ(COD_Cr)、ρ(BOD₅)〕对ρ(∑VOSCs)空间分布的影响. 结果表明:所调查的27个采样点中各目标化合物均有检出,ρ(∑VOSCs)的范围为85.82~1 766.04 ng/L;DMS(甲硫醚)为最主要的污染物,ρ(DMS)平均值为114.29 ng/L,检出率为96.30%,变异系数为0.42. ρ(DO)与ρ(∑VOSCs)显著相关,Pearson相关系数为-0.751,对ρ(∑VOSCs)的空间分布影响最大;其次是ρ(NH₃-N),Pearson相关系数为0.441;ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(BOD₅)与ρ(∑VOSCs)不相关.      

Effect of effluent organic matter on ozonation of bezafibrate

The influence of three effluent organic matter (EfOM) model compounds, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (AGS), on the ozonation of bezafibrate (BF), a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP), was investigated. The results show that ozonation efficiently removed BF from aqueous solution with removal efficiencies>95% within 8 min for all conditions. The reaction rate of BF decreased with increasing model compounds concentrations and the influence was more pronounced for HA and BSA, while less pronounced for AGS. Although BF concentration was significantly reduced, the degree of mineralization achieved was only approximately 11%. The addition of HA and BSA improved the mineralization of the solution, while the influence of AGS was minor. The acute toxicity of BF solution during ozonation was determined using the Luminescent bacteria test, and the toxicity exhibited an initial increase and a successive reduction. An overall decreased acute toxicity was observed with an increase of HA. The presence of BSA increased the formation rate of toxicity intermediates and resulted in inhibition peak forward.     

垃圾渗滤液预处理工艺的研究

本文结合工程实例,对生活垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液进行预处理工艺的研究,结果表明,预处理单元在垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液的整个处理系统中具有重要的作用和地位,渗滤液中部分污染物和无机离子能在预处理单元中得到较好的去除,在一定程度上减轻后续处理工艺的负荷。     

基于ANP-DEA的城轨网络应急演练组合评价模型

应急演练综合评价是衡量应急演练效果好坏的关键。以城轨网络应急演练综合评价为研究对象,将城轨网络应急演练划分为演练准备、演练实施、演练总结三个阶段。针对评价指标间存在的关联关系,采用网络层次分析法(ANP)进行定量化处理,计算得到各评价指标综合权重,进而得到三个演练阶段的重要度。利用数据包络分析方法(DEA),分别计算三个阶段不同城轨线路应急演练的排序值,结合不同阶段的重要度,构建得到城轨网络应急演练的组合评价模型,实现对城轨网络应急演练效果的综合评价。结合算例,应用ANP-DEA组合模型,对某城轨网络的应急演练效果进行了综合评价。     

蓝藻暴发对巢湖表层沉积物氮磷及形态分布的影响

以巢湖表层沉积物及上覆水体为对象,于蓝藻暴发前(4月)和蓝藻暴发期(7月)采集水样及沉积物样品,分析了氮磷及其形态赋存特征,并探讨了沉积物氮磷及其形态与蓝藻暴发的关系.结果发现,蓝藻暴发时,巢湖表层沉积物总磷减少,总氮增加,同时削弱了磷在空间上分布的异质性.从氮磷形态来看,蓝藻暴发未造成巢湖表层沉积物氮形态(NH4+-N、NO3--N和Org-N)含量和比例的明显波动,但却造成了活性磷(弱吸附态磷和铁铝结合态磷之和)含量及比例的下降,钙结合态磷(Ca-P)以及有机磷(OP)含量及比例增加,生物有效性磷(AAP)的含量的减小.相关性分析表明,上覆水中叶绿素a(Chl-a)的浓度与铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)以及有机磷(OP)的含量显著相关(P<0.05),却与氮形态(铵态氮,硝态氮和有机氮)相关性不显著.巢湖沉积物磷(Fe/Al-P及AAP)对巢湖水体蓝藻暴发具有促进作用,而氮及其形态对蓝藻暴发作用较弱.     

城市内涝灾害风险评估及综合应对研究进展

城市内涝灾害风险评估是城市内涝灾害管理,减少内涝灾害损失的有效途径。基于自然灾害风险评估理论,对城市内涝形成机理和风险评估方法进行了概述。从规划、建设和管理三个层面提出应对城市内涝的总体思路和技术框架,并指出相应的关键技术问题。最后,指出未来城市内涝灾害风险评估和综合应对的研究工作重点:①加强城市内涝形成机理的研究;②完善城市内涝灾害风险评估的理论与方法;③构建城市内涝灾害数据库;④城市内涝应对与城市水生态修复相结合。     

断路器并联电容器离子性缺陷介损特性分析

对 JWF150-1500 型和 JWF150-0.0015GHW 型断路器并联电容器进行高压介质损耗试验,发现部分断路器并联电容器随电压升高介损值变化明显,存在离子性缺陷。通过数据和理论分析,解释了断路器并联电容器介质损耗随电压变化的原因及离子性缺陷对断路器并联电容器影响,并提出有效解决措施。结果表明:例行试验与投运前试验时 10 kV 下 tanδ 测量值偏差较大,且高压介损随电压变化下降明显的断路器并联电容器,可认定存在离子性缺陷。     

铜绿微囊藻与藻际细菌Ma-B1菌株的相互作用

藻与细菌通常共生于淡水生境,形成藻-菌共生体系,藻际细菌是水体生态系统中的重要组成部分,对藻的消长起重要的调控作用,但有关藻际微环境中藻与细菌的互作机制还不清楚. 采用传统的细菌平板培养方法,从太湖优势水华藻——铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)细胞表面分离出一株藻际细菌Ma-B1,基于生理、生化试验和16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为甲基营养芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus). 通过测定细胞生长,分析藻-菌相互作用机理. 结果表明:一定浓度(＞60 μg/mL)的Ma-B1的胞外代谢物可显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长(培养基为BG11,28 ℃/日,22 ℃/夜,3 000 lx,光暗比为14 h∶10 h);铜绿微囊藻的胞外滤液(500 μL/mL)对Ma-B1的生长有一定的促进作用,但其总滤液(500 μL/mL)显著促进Ma-B1的生长;Ma-B1细胞对铜绿微囊藻的生长没有显著影响,而高浓度(藻菌比10∶1)的铜绿微囊藻细胞则可显著抑制Ma-B1的生长. 铜绿微囊藻与Ma-B1之间存在复杂的相互抑制或促进关系,共同影响着藻、菌在自然水体生态系统中的消长.      

The effects of an abnormal decrease in temperature on the Eastern Pacific reef-building coral Pocillopora verrucosa

Coral bleaching events are associated with abnormal increases in temperature, such as those produced during El Niño. Recently, a breakdown in the coral–dinoflagellate (genus Symbiodinium) endosymbiosis has been documented in corals exposed to anomalously cold-water temperatures associated with La Niña events. Given the ecological significance of such events, as well as the threat of global climate change, surprisingly little is known about the physiological response of corals to cold stress. This study evaluated some physiological effects of continuous temperature decline in colonies of the eastern Pacific reef-building coral Pocillopora verrucosa. Twenty days of incubation at 18.5–19.0 °C resulted in a substantial decrease in holobiont lipid and Chla content, as well as an increase in Symbiodinium density. These observations suggest a combination of symbiont acclimation due to the temperature decline and reallocation of carbon toward algal growth as opposed to translocation to the host coral. With a decreased availability of symbiont-derived carbon, the coral likely catabolized storage lipids in order to survive the stress event. Despite this stress and some tissue necrosis, no mortality was noted and corals recovered quickly when returned to the ambient temperature. As these results are in marked contrast to similar studies investigating elevated temperature on this coral from this same location, Pocillopora in the Mexican Central Pacific may be more prone to long-term damage and mortality during periods of ocean warming as opposed to ocean cooling.     

Temporal changes in the trophic ecology of the asymbiotic gorgonian Leptogorgia virgulata

Gorgonians are widespread sub-littoral benthic suspension feeders in the world oceans. However, data on their trophic ecology and role in benthic–pelagic coupling and biogeochemical cycles remain limited. This study assesses the trophic ecology of Leptogorgia virgulata in the Skidaway River estuary, USA (31.9896N, 81.0242W) by analysing carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of its soft tissue and different-sized fractions of particulate organic matter (POM) in its environment. Samples were taken in 5 April, 2 August, and 15 October 2012 and 11 January 2013. Results support a distinct temporal shift in the diet of L. virgulata from the POM fraction <10 µm (i.e. pico- and nanoplankton) to the 10–63-µm fraction (i.e. microplankton). This trophic regime is likely associated with the natural abundance of prey items within these size classes, thus suggesting that L. virgulata may be an opportunistic feeder, and seasonal shifts in food availability in the water column affect its diet. As such small prey items affect the bioenergetics of L. virgulata, it is important to understand the implications of changes in food availability associated with environmental drivers on the physiology and population dynamics of this dominant species in the western Atlantic Ocean.