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71.
72.
T. Stephenson E. Reid L.M. Avery B. Jefferson 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2013,91(4):321-324
Plastic was tested to select biofilm support media that would enhance nitrification in the presence of heterotrophs. Eight different types (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, nylon, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride and tufnol) were immersed in an aerobic fed-batch reactor receiving domestic settled wastewater. Nitrification rates did not correlate with biomass concentrations, nor surface roughness of the plastics as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The maximum nitrification rate of 1.5 g/m2 d?1 was obtained from biofilms growing on PTFE which had the lowest surface adhesion force (8 nN). Nitrification rates for the biofilms were inversely correlated with the attraction forces as measured by AFM. 相似文献
73.
River restoration: the fuzzy logic of repairing reaches to reverse catchment scale degradation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
River restoration is an increasingly common approach utilized to reverse past degradation of freshwater ecosystems and to mitigate the anticipated damage to freshwaters from future development and resource-extraction activities. While the practice of river restoration has grown exponentially over the last several decades, there has been little empirical evaluation of whether restoration projects individually or cumulatively achieve the legally mandated goals of improving the structure and function of streams and rivers. New efforts to evaluate river restoration projects that use channel reconfiguration as a methodology for improving stream ecosystem structure and function are finding little evidence for measurable ecological improvement. While designed channels may have less-incised banks and greater sinuousity than the degraded streams they replace, these reach-scale efforts do not appear to be effectively mitigating the physical, hydrological, or chemical alterations that are responsible for the loss of sensitive taxa and the declines in water quality that typically motivate restoration efforts. Here we briefly summarize this new literature, including the collection of papers within this Invited Feature, and provide our perspective on the limitations of current restoration. 相似文献
74.
Adeniyi Lateef A. Akinpelu Olusegun P. Fatoke Michael T. Adeniji Margaret A. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):1948-1957
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study investigates solid-waste handling practices by municipal waste collectors during COVID-19 pandemic period in Osogbo urban areas with the... 相似文献
75.
Thornton Grace L. Stevens Brian French Shannon K. Shirose Leonard J. Reggeti Felipe Schrier Nick Parmley E. Jane Reid Alexandra Jardine Claire M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(23):34137-34146
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used globally to control rodent pest infestations in both urban and agricultural settings. It is well documented... 相似文献
76.
The foraging behaviours and dietary compositions of three co-occurring labrids (Ophthalmolepis lineolatus, Notolabrus gymnogenis and Pictilabrus laticlavius), which are conspicuous on rocky reefs in temperate south-eastern Australia, were investigated between 2003 and 2005. SCUBA
observations at two locations showed that the feeding intensity, and hence the associated effects of these fishes on rocky
reef invertebrate prey, was temporally consistent. Relative differences in the contributions of ingested prey and use of different
feeding microhabitats demonstrated that the feeding ecology differed significantly among the three species. Thus, O. lineolatus fed on proportionately higher volumes of polychaetes, polyplacophorans, marginellid gastropods (especially Austroginella sp.), bivalves and echinoids, which were sighted opportunistically in a wide selection of microhabitats, but particularly
in sand/rubble. Ambush hunting was used regularly by smaller N. gymnogenis and all sizes of P. laticlavius to forage on amphipods, small decapods and small gastropods at algal bases or fronds and Diopatra dentata tubes. Amphipods were similarly important in the diet of smaller O. lineolatus. Larger N. gymnogenis foraged opportunistically over an increased reef area and made greater use of microhabitats that offered minimal prey refuge
(e.g. sand/rubble, bare rock/steel) from which common prey, in particular decapods, were obtained. The significant intra-
and inter-specific differences in dietary compositions, allied with differences in the use of feeding microhabitats, would
facilitate co-occurrence of these three conspicuous species and contribute to maintaining high richness of labrid species
in reef systems. Echinoids were regularly consumed by each species but they made a moderate contribution to the diet of only
O. lineolatus, which suggests that only one of the three labrids is likely to play a significant role in regulation of echinoid densities
in these rocky reef habitats. However, the broad diets and diverse forging strategies employed by these labrid species imply
that they have a system-wide influence on invertebrate prey on rocky reefs. 相似文献
77.
Will Allen Ockie Bosch Margaret Kilvington Don Harley and Ian Brown 《Natural resources forum》2001,25(3):225-233
Adaptive, or 'learning by doing', approaches are often advocated as a means of providing increased understanding within natural resource management. However, a number of organisational and social issues need to be resolved if these approaches are to be used successfully. A case study in the South Island high country of New Zealand is used to review what is needed to support an ongoing community-based monitoring and adaptive management programme. First, the case study is described, paying attention to the social context of the resource management problem. The results of a workshop that explored this problem are then outlined, along with a proposed information flow suggested by participants. Requirements for future steps to resolve these problems (such as information protocols and a multi-stakeholder information system) are discussed. Finally, some broad lessons are drawn from this exercise that could help others developing similar approaches. 相似文献
78.
Significant annual variations in population size of most species were evident with greater abundance of most species in wet
years. Habitat variables, particularly vegetation structure, were also an important determinant of the abundance of most bird
species and tended to mask the impacts of the land use under investigation. Several bird species had benefited from the provision
of permanent water at mining and pastoral sites. Other species utilized increased nesting or feeding opportunities associated
with the mining operation and increased food supply at the pastoral sites. Crested bellbirds and mixed-feeding flocks of small
insectivorous birds were apparently disadvantaged by mining and hence may be useful bioindicators of mining impacts. No bird
species or community parameters were identified which could serve as useful early warning bioindicators of pastoral impacts. 相似文献
79.
Margaret J. Couvillon Francis L.W. Ratnieks 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1099-1105
In group-level recognition, discriminators use sensory information to distinguish group members and non-members. For example,
entrance guards in eusocial insect colonies discriminate nestmates from intruders by comparing their odour with a template
of the colony odour. Despite being a species-rich group of eusocial bees closely related to the honey bees, stingless bee
nestmate recognition is a relatively little-studied area. We studied Frieseomelitta varia, a common Brazilian species of stingless bee known as marmelada. By measuring the rejection rates of nestmate and non-nestmate
worker bees by guards, we were able to show that guards became significantly less accepting (from 91 to 46%) of nestmates
that had acquired odour cues from non-nestmate workers; however, guards did not become significantly more accepting (from
31 to 42%) of non-nestmates that had acquired equivalent amounts of odour cues from the guard’s nestmates. These data strongly
suggest that guards use an “undesirable–absent” system in recognition, whereby incoming conspecific workers are only accepted
if undesirable cues are absent, despite the presence of desirable cues. We suggest that an undesirable–absent system is adaptive
because robbing by conspecifics may be an important selective factor in F. varia, which would lead to selection for a non-permissive acceptance strategy by guards. 相似文献
80.
During live fire training exercises, large amounts of explosives are consumed. Low order detonations of high explosive payloads result in the patchy dispersal of particles of high explosive formulations over large areas of firing range soils. Dissolution of explosives from explosive formulation particles into soil pore water is a controlling factor for transport, fate, and effects of explosive compounds. We developed an empirical method to evaluate soils based on functionally defined effective dissolution rates. An automated Accelerated Solvent Extractor was used to determine the effective elution rates under controlled conditions of RDX and TNT from soil columns containing particles of Comp B. Contrived soils containing selected soil geosorbants and reactive surfaces were used to quantitatively determine the importance of these materials. Natural soils from training ranges of various soil types were also evaluated. The effects of geosorbants on effective elution rates were compound- and sorbent-specific. TNT elution was less than that of RDX and was greatly slowed by humic acid. Iron and iron-bearing clays reduced the effective elution rates of both RDX and TNT. This empirical method is a useful tool for directly generating data on the potential for explosives to leach from firing range soils, to identify general bulk soil characteristics that can be used to predict the potential, and to identify means to engineer soil treatments to mitigate potential transport. 相似文献