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71.
72.
Reddy KJ Kumar JR Narayana SL Ramachandraiah C Thriveni T Reddy AV 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):309-320
N-ethyl-3-carbazolecarboxaldehyde-3-thio- semicarbazone (ECCT) as an new analytical reagent used for the development of a
highly sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of copper(II). The ECCT forms a greenish-yellow
colored 1:1 (M:L) complex with copper(II) at pH 3.0, which is well extracted into n-butanol and shows maximum absorbance at
380nm. The color of the complex is stable for more than forty eight hours. The system obey Beer's law in the range 0.4–3.6
with 2.243 × 104lmol−1cm−1, 2.83 × 10-3μgcm−2 molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity respectively. The regression coefficient is 0.412 with 0.99 correlation coefficient.
The precision and accuracy of the method was checked by finding the relative standard deviation (0.422%). This developed method
has been successfully employed for the determination of copper(II) in environmental and pharmaceutical samples. The method
is evaluated by analyzing samples from the bureau of analyzed samples (BCS 233, 266, 216/1, 207 and 179) and by inter comparison
of experimental values using AAS. 相似文献
73.
de Bauer Mde L Hernández-Tejeda T 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,147(3):446-453
The first report on oxidant-induced plant damage in the Valley of Mexico was presented over 30 years ago. Ozone is known to occur in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and elsewhere as the cause of chlorotic mottling on pine needles that are 2 years old or older as observed in 1976 on Pinus hartwegii and Pinus leiophylla. Visible evidences for the negative effects of ozone on the vegetation of central Mexico include foliar injury expressed as chlorotic mottling and premature defoliation on pines, a general decline of sacred fir, visible symptoms on native forest broadleaved species (e.g. Mexican black cherry). Recent investigations have also indicated that indirect effects are occurring such as limited root colonization by symbiotic fungi on ozone-damaged P. hartwegii trees and a negative influence of the pollutant on the natural regeneration of this species. The negative ozone-induced effects on the vegetation will most likely continue to increase. 相似文献
74.
J.-P. Putaud R. Van Dingenen A. Alastuey H. Bauer W. Birmili J. Cyrys H. Flentje S. Fuzzi R. Gehrig H.C. Hansson R.M. Harrison H. Herrmann R. Hitzenberger C. Hüglin A.M. Jones A. Kasper-Giebl G. Kiss A. Kousa T.A.J. Kuhlbusch G. Löschau F. Raes 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(10):1308-1320
This paper synthesizes data on aerosol (particulate matter, PM) physical and chemical characteristics, which were obtained over the past decade in aerosol research and monitoring activities at more than 60 natural background, rural, near-city, urban, and kerbside sites across Europe. The data include simultaneously measured PM10 and/or PM2.5 mass on the one hand, and aerosol particle number concentrations or PM chemistry on the other hand. The aerosol data presented in our previous works (Van Dingenen et al., 2004, Putaud et al., 2004) were updated and merged to those collected in the framework of the EU supported European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical action COST633 (Particulate matter: Properties related to health effects). A number of conclusions from our previous studies were confirmed. There is no single ratio between PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations valid for all sites, although fairly constant ratios ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 are observed at most individual sites. There is no general correlation between PM mass and particle number concentrations, although particle number concentrations increase with PM2.5 levels at most sites. The main constituents of both PM10 and PM2.5 are generally organic matter, sulfate and nitrate. Mineral dust can also be a major constituent of PM10 at kerbside sites and in Southern Europe. There is a clear decreasing gradient in SO42? and NO3? contribution to PM10 when moving from rural to urban to kerbside sites. In contrast, the total carbon/PM10 ratio increases from rural to kerbside sites. Some new conclusions were also drawn from this work: the ratio between ultrafine particle and total particle number concentration decreases with PM2.5 concentration at all sites but one, and significant gradients in PM chemistry are observed when moving from Northwestern, to Southern to Central Europe. Compiling an even larger number of data sets would have further increased the significance of our conclusions, but collecting all the aerosol data sets obtained also through research projects remains a tedious task. 相似文献
75.
Toxicity of nanosized and bulk ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to bacteria Vibrio fischeri and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
As the production of nanoparticles of ZnO, TiO2 and CuO is increasing, their (eco)toxicity to bacteria Vibrio fischeri and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus was studied with a special emphasis on product formulations (nano or bulk oxides) and solubilization of particles. Our innovative approach based on the combination of traditional ecotoxicology methods and metal-specific recombinant biosensors allowed to clearly differentiate the toxic effects of metal oxides per se and solubilized metal ions. Suspensions of nano and bulk TiO2 were not toxic even at 20 g l(-1). All Zn formulations were very toxic: L(E)C50 (mg l(-1)) for bulk ZnO, nanoZnO and ZnSO4.7H2O: 1.8, 1.9, 1.1 (V. fischeri); 8.8, 3.2, 6.1 (D. magna) and 0.24, 0.18, 0.98 (T. platyurus), respectively. The toxicity was due to solubilized Zn ions as proved with recombinant Zn-sensor bacteria. Differently from Zn compounds, Cu compounds had different toxicities: L(E)C50 (mg l(-1)) for bulk CuO, nano CuO and CuSO4: 3811, 79, 1.6 (V. fischeri), 165, 3.2, 0,17 (D. magna) and 95, 2.1, 0.11 (T. platyurus), respectively. Cu-sensor bacteria showed that toxicity to V. fischeri and T. platyurus was largely explained by soluble Cu ions. However, for Daphnia magna, nano and bulk CuO proved less bioavailable than for bacterial Cu-sensor. This is the first evaluation of ZnO, CuO and TiO2 toxicity to V. fischeri and T. platyurus. For nano ZnO and nano CuO this is also a first study for D. magna. 相似文献
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79.
Territoriality should lead to strict dominance, as territory holders typically control access to resources and exclude others
from their use. In feeding territories, dominance should be reflected in foraging success and ultimately in reproduction differences;
however, these successive links have rarely been made explicit. Therefore, we investigated a population of brown skuas Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi, in which only part of the breeding population occupied feeding territories within penguin colonies. We identified the dominance
hierarchy and determined the foraging success of the participants in fights for access to penguin carcasses within the territories.
Furthermore, we monitored offspring growth from parents with and without feeding territories. Our results indicated a clear
dominance hierarchy with territorial birds in their own territory dominating over territorial breeders from other territories,
non-territorial breeders and non-breeding birds. However, territory owners could not completely exclude others from access
to food. Foraging success was positively related to dominance scores: The dominant territory owners received 63% of a carcass,
whereas non-territorial pairs could get less than 10%. The link between foraging success and offspring development was less
clear: Although male chicks of non-territorial parents suffered from lower growth rates and, thus, delayed fledging, there
were no such differences in female chicks. Territoriality in skuas did not imply a complete occupation of food, but guaranteed
optimal growth conditions for offspring. Non-territorial individuals were forced to search for alternative resources, and
the restricted access to the preferred food resulted in inferior conditions for offspring development, making this foraging
strategy less rewarding. 相似文献
80.
Linnik Vitaly G. Bauer Tatiana V. Minkina Tatiana M. Mandzhieva Saglara S. Mazarji Mahmoud 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(2):319-333
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Soil contamination by heavy metals (HM) is a worldwide problem for human health. To reduce risk to human health from exposure to toxic chemicals associated... 相似文献