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121.
Otero Pastor I Casermeiro Martínez MA Ezquerra Canalejoa A Esparcia Mariño P 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(1):204-214
Landscape evaluation is now widely recognised as a powerful, interdisciplinary, environmental research method. The aim of the present work was to compare two landscape evaluation methods as part of a physical planning process: the cartographic assessment method and the in situ assessment method. This comparison was performed using an area of the Montes de Toledo, in the centre of Spain. Both methods provided similar results for the majority of the landscape units studied. This shows that the cartographic method can be successfully used in landscape evaluation, allowing important savings in terms of fieldwork. However, this is only the case when the information provided by the available maps is sufficiently accurate to allow the correct assignment of coefficients by a panel of experts. 相似文献
122.
Sediment-dwelling macrofauna, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and abiotic parameters were monitored annually in benthic marine sediments from 1989-2007 in Port Valdez, a period of declining routine discharge of treated marine ballast water containing residual PAH from a major crude oil loading facility. The resulting dataset was used to evaluate associations between macrofauna and environmental characteristics including PAH concentrations. The influences of natural abiotic gradients on macrofauna were stronger than associations between macrofauna and sediment PAH. Though overall associations of PAH with macrofaunal community structure were weak, effects were greater for the tube-dwelling polychaete worms Galathowenia oculata and Melinna cristata which responded negatively to low PAH values near sediment quality criteria (threshold effects concentration: TEC and field-based sediment quality criterion: fb-SQG: ~300 ng g(?-1)). Effects of PAH on benthic fauna may be strongest through poor survival of juveniles and failed recruitment over multiple years. Comparison of measured PAH concentrations to the TEC and field-based fb-SQG suggest that the observed levels of change in Port Valdez are minor and the criteria are ecologically appropriate for environmental monitoring. By demonstrating positive responses of sensitive fauna to reduction of PAH concentration, this study contributes to understanding the temporal change, ecological importance, and size of effects expected on benthic fauna in the presence of continuous exposure to low levels of hydrocarbons. 相似文献
123.
124.
The need for quality control of the complex micro-structure has been growing due to increased production of parts with complex 3D micro-scale features. However, wide use of 3D metrology of miniature parts is difficult due to the lack of cost-effective and precise probing system at the micro-scale. This paper introduces a new probing system using a wire-based probe and acoustic emission (AE)-based sensing method. The design of the probing system allows the size of the probe to be varied relatively easily. Repeatability of less than 1 μm has been achieved with the proposed probing system. 相似文献
125.
Ka‐Man Lai Claudia Ramirez Weilong Liu Darina Kirilova David Vick Joe Mari Rachel Smith Ho‐Yin Lam Afshin Ostovari Akifumi Shibakawa Yang Liu Sidharth Samant Lucky Osaro 《Disasters》2015,39(4):648-664
By interpreting disasters as opportunities to initiate the fulfilment of development needs, realise the vulnerability of the affected community and environment, and extend the legacy of relief funds and effort, this paper builds upon the concept linking relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD) in the sanitation sector. It aims to use a composite of case studies to devise a framework for a semi‐hypothetical scenario to identify critical components and generic processes for a LRRD action plan. The scenario is based on a latrine wetland sanitation system in a Muslim community. Several sub‐frameworks are developed: (i) latrine design; (ii) assessment of human waste treatment; (iii) connective sanitation promotion strategy; and (iv) ecological systems and environmental services for sanitation and development. This scenario illustrates the complex issues involved in LRRD in sanitation work and provides technical notes and references for a legacy plan for disaster relief and development. 相似文献
126.
Luis Cardona Mónica Revelles Mari Luz Parga Jesús Tomás Alex Aguilar Ferran Alegre Antonio Raga Xavier Ferrer 《Marine Biology》2009,156(12):2621-2630
Previous studies of loggerhead sea turtles have concluded that drifting longlines were the main threat for immature specimens
in the western Mediterranean, because immature loggerhead sea turtles mainly inhabit oceanic waters. However, recent aerial
surveys have revealed large numbers of immature loggerhead sea turtles over the continental shelf of eastern mainland Spain,
where turtles are exposed to neritic fishing gears but not to drifting longlines. We satellite-tracked seven loggerhead sea
turtles (minimum straight carapace length (SCLmin) range: 36.5–55.0 cm) to assess whether the turtles in this region are vagrants
from the adjoining oceanic regions or whether these loggerheads mostly inhabit the continental shelf. Satellite-tracking revealed
that six of the tagged turtles avoided the oceanic realm and made extended use of the continental shelf, whereas only one
individual could be considered a true vagrant as it avoided the continental shelf and primarily used the oceanic habitat.
These results are in sharp contrast with those previously reported for immature loggerhead sea turtles of similar size from
the south-western Mediterranean and fit well a relaxed ontogenic model that was recently proposed for loggerhead sea turtles
in the central Mediterranean. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the vulnerability of loggerhead sea turtles of eastern
mainland Spain to neritic fishing gears, as three of the seven turtles died and one was bycaught incidentally while being
tracked over the continental shelf. 相似文献
127.
William Tongamp Junya Kano Qiwu Zhang Fumio Saito 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(2):140-143
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was milled with hydrated or unhydrated calcium sulfates (CaSO4·2H2O or CaSO4) in air by using a planetary mill to investigate mechanochemical dechlorination behavior. The milling process resulted in
size reduction and in the breaking of bonds leading to mechanically induced solid state reaction, forming CaCl2 and dechlorinated hydrocarbon with C=C double bonds in the product. Washing the milled mixtures with water at room temperature
allowed removal of the chloride formed during milling, and more than 95% of the chlorine in PVC was removed from a mixture
milled for 4 h. This process could offer a potential route for the handling and disposal of both PVC and gypsum wastes. H2S gas was generated during milling; more H2S was released from the unhydrated sample than from the hydrated sample. 相似文献
128.
The amino acid sequence of a peptide containing an active serine was examined with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase ofAlcaligenes faecalis T1. The sequence Cys-Asn-Ala-Trp-Ala-Gly-Ser-Asn-Ala-Gly-Lys was obtained. This amino acid sequence around the active serine does not fit any reported sequence of other esterases and proteases. On the other hand, a segment of the amino acid sequence of PHB depolymerase ofA. faecalis was homologous to the type III sequence of fibronectin. Similar sequences have been reported in some type of bacterial chitinase and cellulases, and PHB depolymerase seems to have an overall similarity to these bacterial extracellular hydrolases. 相似文献
129.
Correlates of copulatory success in a fallow deer lek 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marco Apollonio Marco Festa-Bianchet Franco Mari 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1989,25(2):89-97
Summary We studied the behavior and copulatory success of fallow deer (Cervus dama) males at a lek. We recorded 471 copulations in 3 years. Most males did not copulate. The top three males accounted for between 60 and 90% of copulations each year. Lek attendance time was the major determinant of male copulatory success, but territory location also affected the number of copulations achieved. Copulatory success was correlated with the number of females in a male's territory and possibly with dominance status, but not with fighting success or fighting rate. All males that defended lek territories were 5 years of age or older. Copulatory success may improve with age. Body condition appears to be an important determinant of male copulatory success, because only males in superior condition could defend a lek territory for up to 2 weeks. Males do not feed while defending lek territories. Foraging ability during the year probably determines condition at the onset of the rut. Females appear to choose mates at least partially on the basis of location, preferring males located near traditional routes. Females may ultimately select mates in the best body condition. 相似文献
130.
High acidity rainwater has recently become an issue in environmental pollution because of its great influence on ecological systems with special reference to the human environment. To solve this problem, the chemical behaviors of various pollutants in the air, particularly in the wet atmosphere must be studied. Ion chromatography was used for rapid analysis of trace amounts of anions.As a result, it was found that a combination of 2mM Na2CO3 and 5mM NaOH as an eluent was suitable for the separation of various anions. The reproducibility of determination of anions in standard solutions was found to be satisfactory with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2–4% for F?, Br?, NO?3, SO2?3, SO2?4, and PO3?4, but not for NO?2. The determination of NO?2 was accomplished by preparing an eluent having almost the same composition and cencentration as that of the standard and sample solutions. The precision of the method with rainwater samples was less than 10%, and was considered to be usable for data analysis.In addition, a considerable number of ions in rainwater samples could be determined by using 1–3 ml of the sample without pretreatment. It was found that ion chromatography was one of the best means to obtain information on the chemical behaviors of trace amounts of anions in rainwater. 相似文献