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911.
Simonsen A Holtze MS Sørensen SR Sørensen SJ Aamand J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(1):289-295
Mineralisation of the groundwater contaminant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), a metabolite from the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), was studied in soil samples obtained from 39 locations previously exposed to dichlobenil. Rapid BAM mineralisation was detected in samples from six locations with 5.2-64.6% of the added BAM mineralised within 48-50 days. From one location rapid BAM mineralisation was observed in soil samples down to a depth of 2 m below the surface. One location with fast BAM mineralisation showed significant dichlobenil degradation activity with 25.5% of the added dichlobenil being mineralised within 50 days. By inoculating soil showing the fastest mineralisation of BAM into a mineral medium with BAM as the only carbon and nitrogen source an enrichment culture was established. Community analysis based on extracted DNA revealed a change of the bacterial community but without any clear indication of key members within the BAM-mineralising culture. Parallel cultivation resulted for the first time in the isolation of a BAM-mineralising bacterium, identified as an Aminobacter sp. 相似文献
912.
Tauhata L Vianna ME de Oliveira AE Ferreira AC Bragança MJ Clain AF de Faria RQ 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2006,86(3):384-390
The Instituto de Radioprote??o e Dosimetria has been coordinating the National Intercomparison Program (PNI) for 15 years, from 1991 to 2005. The objective is to evaluate the analytical performance of the laboratories in low-level activity concentration radionuclide assays in environmental samples. This work presents an evaluation of PNI data from 42 intercomparison runs, which distributed to 22 Brazilian laboratories 2511 samples evaluating 5768 radionuclide assays involving 32 radionuclides in the period from 1991 to 2004. The laboratory performance was evaluated using the Normalized Standard Deviation used by the U.S. EPA. For comparison aims, the Normalized Deviation, used by BIPM was also applied. Laboratory performance were grouped and evaluated in three periods of 5 years each. The first period shows, an average value of good performance of 71.2%, the second shows an average of 78.6% and the last an average of 82.3%. Performance for each kind of radionuclide is also presented. 相似文献
913.
Snoussi M Kitheka J Shaghude Y Kane A Arthurton R Le Tissier M Virji H 《Environmental management》2007,39(5):587-600
Anthropogenic factors associated with damming and water abstraction, and the resultant environmental pressures, are reviewed
in six African river catchments using records and forecasts of climatic, demographic, and land-use change. Changes in the
states of the flow regime through catchment drainage systems to the coastal sea are considered in conjunction with climate
change and other human-induced pressures. The impacts of these changes on downstream and coastal environments and their communities
are described in past, present, and future perspectives. Linkages between the issues and the pressures of damming and water
abstraction are appraised and scientific, policy, and management responses proposed aimed at remedying existing and perceived
future negative impacts. The study proposes that there is a need to integrate catchment and coastal management to account
for the whole water flow regime together with its human dimensions. Management priorities relating to the operation of existing
damming and abstraction schemes and planning of future schemes include the following: consideration of ways in which water
discharges could be adjusted to provide improvements in downstream and coastal environmental and socioeconomic conditions;
addressing the problem of sediment trapping impacting on the sustainability of dam reservoirs; and assessment of downstream
and coastal impacts of future schemes in the light of climate change forecasts. 相似文献
914.
In many semi-arid environments of Mediterranean ecosystems, white poplar (Populus alba L.) is the dominant riparian tree and has been used to recover degraded areas, together with other native species, such as
ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.). We addressed three main objectives: (1) to gain an improved understanding of some specific relationships between
environmental parameters and leaf-level physiological factors in these riparian forest species, (2) to compare the leaf-level
physiology of these riparian species to each other, and (3) to compare leaf-level responses within native riparian plots to
adjacent restoration plots, in order to evaluate the competence of the plants used for the recovery of those degraded areas.
We found significant differences in physiological performance between mature and young white poplars in the natural stand
and among planted species. The net assimilation and transpiration rates, diameter, and height of white poplar plants were
superior to those of ash and hawthorn. Ash and hawthorn showed higher water use efficiency than white poplar. White poplar
also showed higher levels of stomatal conductance, behaving as a fast-growing, water-consuming species with a more active
gas exchange and ecophysiological competence than the other species used for restoration purposes. In the restoration zones,
the planted white poplars had higher rates of net assimilation and water use efficiency than the mature trees in the natural
stand. We propose the use of white poplar for the rapid restoration of riparian vegetation in semi-arid Mediterranean environments.
Ash and hawthorn can also play a role as accompanying species for the purpose of biodiversity. 相似文献
915.
Minhalma M Magueijo V Queiroz DP de Pinho MN 《Journal of environmental management》2007,82(2):200-206
Second cheese whey (SCW) is a by-product of cheese and curd cheese production that is usually not recovered and therefore substantially contributes to the negative environmental impact of the cheese manufacture plants. Membrane technology, namely nanofiltration (NF), is used in this work for the recovery of SCW organic nutrients, resulting from "Serpa" cheese and curd production. The SCW is processed by NF to recover a rich lactose fraction in the concentrate and a process water with a high salt content in the permeate. The permeation experiments were carried out in a plate & frame NF unit, where two NF membranes (NFT50 and HR-95-PP) were characterized and tested. The NF permeation experiments were performed accordingly with two different operation modes: total recirculation and concentration. In order to select the best membrane and operating pressure for the SCW fractionation, total recirculation experiments were carried out. The NF modeling was also performed, in terms of permeate fluxes and rejection coefficients using the resistances-in-series model and the solution-diffusion model, respectively. After the membrane selection, the concentration experiments showed that the selected membrane (NFT50) at 3.0MPa allows a water recovery of approximately 80%, concentrating the SCW nutrients approximately 5 times. Therefore, the NF operation can successfully reduce the wastewater organic load and simultaneously contributes to the valorization of the cheese and curd cheese manufacture by-products. 相似文献
916.
The Ria Formosa lagoon, Portugal, receives organic matter from many natural and anthropogenic sources. This paper presents an overview of the contribution these sources made through the use of lipid biomarkers. Sixty-one surface sediment samples were collected and analysed for a range of lipids. Sewage materials were confined to regions within 2 km of discharge points; phytoplankton biomarkers (sterols and fatty acids) suggest production was greatest in the inner parts of the lagoon that also have greatest inorganic nutrient enrichment; terrestrial organic matter was present in relatively low concentrations as shown by both sterol and fatty alcohols; bacteria were widespread although the Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRBs, shown by the presence of 3-OH fatty acids) were located near but not adjacent to sewage discharge points. 相似文献
917.
Flávia Gonçalves Domingues Ferreira Maria Alice Gomes de Andrade Lima Yêda Medeiros Bastos de Almeida Glória Maria Vinhas 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(3):196-201
Blends of LDPE/modified starch were prepared, sterilized by gamma radiation and investigated with respect to their microbial
degradation by a mixture of fungal strains in liquid medium after 90 days, was analyzed by carbon dioxide (CO2) production (Sturm test). Biodegradation of blends was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray
diffraction; mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biodegradation of LDPE/modified starch blends was
attributed to microbiological attack, with alterations in the chemical structure of the blend with an increase in the carbonyl
and vinyl indices and the appearance of new crystalline symmetry generating a crystalline domain not existing before in the
blend and decrease in the mechanical properties. 相似文献
918.
919.
920.