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991.
De Sabato Luca Amoroso Maria Grazia Ianiro Giovanni Esposito Claudia De Grossi Luigi Fusco Giovanna Barone Antonino Martini Enrica Ostanello Fabio Di Bartolo Ilaria 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(1):1-8
Food and Environmental Virology - In industrialized countries, hepatitis E is now recognized as an emerging zoonosis. Autochthonous cases have been increased over recent years in Europe and are... 相似文献
992.
Roberto Rag Alberto Pivato Maria Cristina Lavagnolo Laura;Megido Raffaello Cossu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(3):317-326
In this study,a top cover system is investigated as a control for emissions during the aftercare of new landfills and for old landfills where biogas energy production might not be profitable.Different materials were studied as landfill cover system in lab-scale columns:mechanical–biological pretreated municipal solid waste(MBP);mechanical–biological pretreated biowaste(PB);fine(PBS_f)and coarse(PBS_c)mechanical–biological pretreated mixtures of biowaste and sewage sludge,and natural soil(NS).The effectiveness of these materials in removing methane and sulphur compounds from a gas stream was tested,even coupled with activated carbon membranes.Concentrations of CO_2,CH_4,O_2,N_2,H_2S and mercaptans were analysed at different depths along the columns.Methane degradation was assessed using mass balance and the results were expressed in terms of methane oxidation rate(MOR).The highest maximum and mean MOR were observed for MBP(17.2 g CH_4/m~2/hr and 10.3 g CH_4/m~2/hr,respectively).Similar values were obtained with PB and PBS_c.The lowest values of MOR were obtained for NS(6.7 g CH_4/m~2/hr)and PBS_f(3.6 g CH_4/m~2/hr),which may be due to their low organic content and void index,respectively.Activated membranes with high load capacity did not seem to have an influence on the methane oxidation process:MBP coupled with 220 g/m~2and 360 g/m~2membranes gave maximum MOR of 16.5 g CH_4/m~2/hr and 17.4 g CH_4/m~2/hr,respectively.Activated carbon membranes proved to be very effective on H_2S adsorption.Furthermore,carbonyl sulphide,ethyl mercaptan and isopropyl mercaptan seemed to be easily absorbed by the filling materials. 相似文献
993.
Thaís Pacheco Kasecker Mario Barroso Ramos-Neto Jose Maria Cardoso da Silva Fabio Rubio Scarano 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2018,23(6):981-993
We developed an indicator that defines priority municipalities in order to facilitate the deployment of preventive policies and strategies for ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change (EbA) in Brazilian municipalities. Based on the premises that poor people are the population most vulnerable to climate change and that conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems are adaptive to climate change, our indicator uses three parameters: (1) poverty, (2) proportion of natural-vegetation cover, and (3) exposure to climate change. Thus, we searched for Brazilian municipalities that simultaneously belonged to the quartile of municipalities with the highest percentage of poverty, the quartile with the highest percentage of natural-vegetation cover, and the quartile with the highest exposure indices in two global climate models (Eta-HadGEM, Eta-Miroc). We found 398 (7.1%) EbA hotspots among 5565 Brazilian municipalities, which comprise 36% of the total area of native remnants in the country and are home to 22% of the poor people in Brazil. In their majority, these municipalities cover significant portions of the Amazon, Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic forest, and indeed, these regions are recognised as some of the most vulnerable to climate change in the world. Considering the relevance of these biomes for the global water and nutrient cycle (Amazon), global food security (Cerrado), vulnerability to desertification (Caatinga), and biodiversity (all) we discuss the adaptive strategies in place, the need to bring them to scale, and existing policy gaps. Finally, in an effort to guide international and national investment and policies, we discuss how the approach described here can be applied to societies inhabiting tropical forests, savannas, and semiarid zones in other parts of the world. In particular, we propose that the indicator developed here is a simple and fast way to achieve early detection of priority municipalities for deployment of EbA action and policies, particularly in tropical developing countries. 相似文献
994.
995.
Proactive corporations have been looking at methods to determine the real costs of doing business, including environmental costs using environmental cost accounting (ECA) methodology. Many companies do not track or measure environmental costs and therefore do not know their true environmental costs. Unfortunately, conventional accounting practices rarely tease out environmental costs, and the costs associated with environmental compliance remain hidden in general overhead accounts. ECA can bring the world of business and the environment closer. When we have a better handle on environmental costs, we can use this information to better prioritize environmental projects, identify cost improvement projects, and allocate environmental costs to products. In this article we explore how some companies approach ECA and show how to initiate an ECA program. 相似文献
996.
Marta Monari Gian Paolo Serrazanetti Jurgen Foschi Valerio Matozzo Maria Gabriella Marin Otello Cattani 《Marine Biology》2007,151(3):1059-1068
The effects of different salinity levels (28, 34 and 40‰) on functional responses of Chamelea gallina haemocytes were evaluated in a two part study dealing with modulations of immune parameters. This part (Part II) of the study
was focused on the superoxide dismutase (SODs) activity and expression in haemocyte lysate and cell-free haemolymph. Results
of this study established that the exposure of C. gallina specimens at 40‰ salinity provoked a decrease in Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD activities in haemocyte lysate suggesting a declining
superoxide anion generation at the highest salinity tested. Expression of MnSOD was coherent with activity values, while Cu/ZnSOD
showed two immunoreactive bands. The former corresponds to the cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD (16 kDa) was not coherent with the enzyme
activity and the second (28–30 kDa) probably attributed to EC-SOD. In cell-free haemolymph, Mn-SOD activity decrease and Cu/Zn-SOD
activity increase at 40‰ were observed, likely due to EC-SOD contribution, strongly induced at the same salinity. After EC-SOD
detection with two different antibody, we postulate that the EC-SOD like-protein band (29 kDa) may be constitute partly by
EC-SOD and probably by Cu/Zn-SOD dimeric form not completely dissociated under reducing condition or a Cu/Zn-SOD degenerated
but still recognized by antibody. The cell-free haemolymph increase of EC-SOD at high salinity values plays an important role
in immune defence of C. gallina. According to the conclusion of Part I of this study, our data confirmed the destabilizing effect of 40‰ salinity on haemocyte
functionality, while to 28‰ exposure, data don’t confirm its stressful action as instead stated by results of Part I. Further
studies are necessary to clear up this discrepancy. 相似文献
997.
Tiziana Romagnoli Giorgio Bavestrello Emellina M. Cucchiari Mario De Stefano Cristina G. Di Camillo Chiara Pennesi Stefania Puce Cecilia Totti 《Marine Biology》2007,151(2):537-552
The microalgal community associated with Eudendrium racemosum, a marine hydroid widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea, was studied during an annual cycle, at monthly frequency,
in a coastal station of the Ligurian Sea. Microalgae were represented mainly by diatoms, which exhibited higher abundance
and biomass values between autumn and spring (max 46,752 cells mm−2 and 1.94 μg C mm−2, respectively), while during summer a significant decrease was observed (min 917 cells mm−2 and 0.013 μg C mm−2). High levels of abundance of filamentous cyanobacteria were observed in summer. Spatial distribution of epibiontic microalgae
showed a markedly increasing gradient from the basal to the apical part of hydroid colonies. Considering the growth forms
of diatom communities, motile diatoms (mainly small naviculoid taxa) were the most abundant in all the periods. Adnate (Amphora and Cocconeis spp.) were distributed mainly in the basal and central part of hydroid colonies and showed two peaks (autumn and summer).
Erect forms (mainly Tabularia tabulata, Licmophora spp., Cyclophora tenuis) were mainly distributed in the apical part of the colonies and showed their maximum densities in spring–summer. Tube-dwelling
(Berkeleya rutilans, Parlibellus sp.) were observed at low densities throughout the study period, without any significant temporal or spatial variability.
Comparing the microalgal communities on marine hydroid to those grown on mimic substrata placed in the sampling station during
summer, significantly higher values of abundance were observed in the hydroid, suggesting that microalgae may benefit from
the polyp catabolites. This fact was particularly evident for the adnate diatoms, whose temporal trend paralleled the cycle
of hydroid host. 相似文献
998.
Valerio Matozzo Marta Monari Jurgen Foschi Gian Paolo Serrazanetti Otello Cattani Maria Gabriella Marin 《Marine Biology》2007,151(3):1051-1058
In the present study, the effects of differing salinities on some important functional responses of haemocytes from the clam,
Chamelea gallina, were investigated. The animals were kept for 7 days at 28‰ (hyposalinity), 34‰ (control) and 40‰ salinity (hypersalinity),
and total haemocyte count (THC), haemocyte volume, phagocytosis, lysozyme-like activity (in both haemocyte lysate and cell-free
haemolymph) were measured. The survival-in-air test was also performed. Clams kept at 28‰ showed significantly increased THC
with respect to animals kept at 34 and 40‰. The analysis of haemocyte size frequency distribution highlighted that in clams
kept at 28‰ the haemocyte fraction of about 5 μm in diameter and 50–100 femtolitre in volume increased markedly. Conversely,
in animals kept at 40‰ an increase was observed in the haemocyte fraction having about 8–10 μm diameter and 400–500 femtolitre
volume. Higher phagocytic activity was recorded in haemocytes from control clams, with respect to that of clams kept at 28
and 34‰. Lysozyme-like activity in haemocyte lysate was shown to increase significantly in animals kept at 28‰ with respect
to that of clams kept at 40‰, whereas enzyme activity in cell-free haemolymph from clams kept at 34‰ was significantly higher
with respect to that of clams maintained at 40‰. A relationship between phagocytosis and lysozyme secretion is suggested.
The resistance to air exposure of clams kept at 28 and 40‰ was shown to decrease significantly; LT50 values fell from 7 days in clams kept at 34‰ to 4 and 5 days in those kept at 28 and 40‰, respectively. Results demonstrated
that salinity values far from 34‰ affects the functional responses of haemocytes and reduce the resistance of clams to exposure
to air. 相似文献
999.
Toxicity attenuation of olive mill wastewater in soil slurries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maria Letizia Colarieti Giuseppe Toscano Guido Greco Jr 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2006,4(2):115-118
Olive mill wastewaters are toxic for plants and microbes due to their high polyphenol content. We studied the effect of agricultural soil as a natural catalyst to promote polyphenol oxidation and polymerization, and in turn detoxify olive mill wastewaters. We show that model polyphenols are fully converted in soil slurries. Their products show no toxicity to the growth of a typical soil bacterium, Bacillus cereus, and reduced phytotoxicity in germination tests with English cress seeds. Those findings are promising for the sustainable treatment of olive wastewater in aerated soil slurries. 相似文献
1000.
Iztok Arčon Arnold Pastrello Laura Catalano Maria De Nobili Pierpaolo Cantone Liviana Leita 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2006,4(4):191-194
The fate of cyanides in soil is strongly influenced by the formation of Fe cyanides, which can interact with organic and inorganic colloids and precipitate as stable compounds. Scarce information is available on the capacity of humic acids to interact with cyano-complexes and thus affect the leaching and prevent the risk of contamination of watertable. Here we show that interaction between humic acids (HAs) and ferricyanide complex led to a formation of ferricyanide-humo micelles, and that the interaction did not imply changes in the original structure of ferricyanide complex. 相似文献