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排序方式: 共有164条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
Theresa M. Marteau Irma Nippert Sue Hall Caroline Limbert Margaret Reid Martin Bobrow Alan Cameron Martina Cornel Mariet van Diem Bernd Eiben Sixto García-Miñaur Janine Goujard Donna Kirwan Karen McIntosh Peter Soothill Corien Verschuuren-Bemelmans Catherine de Vigan Stephen Walkinshaw Lenore Abramsky Frank Louwen Peter Miny Jürgen Horst 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(7):562-566
83.
The hairy root culture of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) SNC-9O was exposed to 2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 4) and 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 10) to follow the metabolites produced. The analytical standards of 4-hydroxy-2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl, 5′-hydroxy-2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl, 4-hydroxy-2,6-dichlorobiphenyl, 2-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl, 3-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl have been synthesized. Hydroxy-metabolites of both PCB 4 and PCB 10 were present in the biomass. These appeared mainly as conjugates rather than as free hydroxy-PCBs, both maintained in plant cells. The concentrations of non-conjugated hydroxy-PCBs ranged between 0.9 and 35.2 μg kg−1 of biomass fresh weight and the concentration of the conjugated ones ranged between 2.0 and 113.0 μg kg−1 depending on the position of hydroxyl. The para- position of biphenyl (4 or 4′) seems to be preferred for hydroxylation. Methoxy-PCBs and hydroxy-methoxy-PCBs have also been identified in plant cells. Hydroxyl in the meta-position (3, 3′, 5 or 5′) appears to be preferred for methylation in hydroxy-PCBs. Hydroxy-methoxy-PCBs have occurred in the conjugated form as well. 相似文献
84.
A Quantitative Review of Urban Ecosystem Service Assessments: Concepts,Models, and Implementation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dagmar Haase Neele Larondelle Erik Andersson Martina Artmann Sara Borgström Jürgen Breuste Erik Gomez-Baggethun Åsa Gren Zoé Hamstead Rieke Hansen Nadja Kabisch Peleg Kremer Johannes Langemeyer Emily Lorance Rall Timon McPhearson Stephan Pauleit Salman Qureshi Nina Schwarz Annette Voigt Daniel Wurster Thomas Elmqvist 《Ambio》2014,43(4):413-433
Although a number of comprehensive reviews have examined global ecosystem services (ES), few have focused on studies that assess urban ecosystem services (UES). Given that more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, understanding the dualism of the provision of and need for UES is of critical importance. Which UES are the focus of research, and what types of urban land use are examined? Are models or decision support systems used to assess the provision of UES? Are trade-offs considered? Do studies of UES engage stakeholders? To address these questions, we analyzed 217 papers derived from an ISI Web of Knowledge search using a set of standardized criteria. The results indicate that most UES studies have been undertaken in Europe, North America, and China, at city scale. Assessment methods involve bio-physical models, Geographical Information Systems, and valuation, but few study findings have been implemented as land use policy.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0504-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献85.
Misík M Micieta K Solenská M Misíková K Pisarcíková H Knasmüller S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(2):459-466
Aim of the study was to monitor changes of genotoxic activity of urban air caused by an incinerator and a petrochemical plant in Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) and pollen fertility assays with wild plants (Chelidonium majus, Clematis vitalba, Cichorium intybus, Linaria vulgaris, Robinia pseudoacacia). While in the first sampling period (1997-2000) significantly (on average 80%) more MN were found at the polluted site in comparison to controls from a rural area, no significant effects were observed during a later period (between 2003 and 2005). A similar pattern was observed in the pollen abortion assays in which the most pronounced effects were found in chicory and false acacia. The differences of the results obtained in the two periods can be explained by a substantial reduction of air pollution by use of new technologies. In particular the decrease of SO(2) emissions may account for the effects seen in the present study. 相似文献
86.
Monitoring, assessment and modelling using water quality data in the Saale River Basin, Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bongartz K Steele TD Baborowski M Lindenschmidt KE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):227-240
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the overall driver for this environmental study and currently requires the
identification of patterns and sources of pollution (monitoring) to support objective ecological sound decision making and
specific measures to enhance river water quality (modelling). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate in a case study
the interrelationship between (1) hydrologic and water quality monitoring data for river basin characterization and (2) modelling
applications to assess resources management alternatives. The study deals with monitoring assessment and modelling of river
water quality data of the main stem Saale River and its principal tributaries. For a period of 6 years the data, which was
sampled by Environmental Agencies of the German states of Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, was investigated to assess
sources and indicators of pollution. In addition to the assessment a modelling exercise of the routing of different pollutants
was carried out in the lower part of the test basin. The modelling is a tool to facilitate the evaluation of alternative measures
to reduce contaminant loadings and improve ecological status of a water body as required by WFD. The transport of suspended
solids, salts and heavy metals was modelled along a selected Saale reach under strong anthropogenic influence in terms of
contaminants and river morphology between the city of Halle and the confluence with the Elbe River. The simulations were carried
out with the model WASP5 which is a dynamic flood-routing and water quality model package developed by the US Environmental
Protection Agency. 相似文献
87.
On the German island Norderney rabbit grazing effects on vegetation, soil and microclimate were investigated with exclosures
in different dune vegetation. Differences in species composition between grazed and ungrazed plots increased with grazing
activity. A decline in growth height resulted in higher light availability and temperature on the grazed sites. One of the
most visible effects was the decline in flowering plants. Most grazing effects varied between habitat types. Grey dunes were
distinctly affected by rabbit grazing. In relation to the habitat type, life forms were differently affected: in closed vegetation,
rabbit activities further open patches, resulting in more therophytes. In contrast, in open vegetation rabbit activities were
too strong and following sand dynamics too high for many therophytes. In general, grazing diversified habitats, slightly supported
the total species-richness, and enhanced the heterogeneity of species composition. Highest species-richness in total and of
herbs was reached at intermediate levels of grazing pressure. The study is in line that highest species-diversity will be
found at intermediate levels of disturbance and environmental stress and that grazing effects vary with the habitat type. 相似文献
88.
Thomas Hoppe Andreas Kluge Martina Jurk Uwe-Karsten Schkade 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1996,8(2):83-88
The Federal Office for Radiation Protection investigated several natural and artificial radioactive isotopes in the sediments of rivers in the Erzgebirge by means of gamma radiation spectrometry. The regional distribution of the isotopes and their relation to former uranium mining is described. The significantly high differences of their concentrations in different river sections are discussed. A dependence of the activity concentrations on temporal peaks in mining activities is illustrated by the example of a sediment profile. The behavior of artificial radioactive isotopes, such as137Cs and134Cs after the reactor accident in Tschernobyl is characterized. All measurements were evaluated from the radiological point of view and critically assessed. 相似文献
89.
90.
Martina S. Müller Børge Moe Ton G. G. Groothuis 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(2):223-232
To compete for parental food deliveries nestling birds have evolved diverse behaviors such as begging displays and sibling aggression. Testosterone has been suggested to be an important mechanism orchestrating such competitive behaviors, but evidence is scarce and often indirect. Siblicidal species provide an interesting case in which a clear dominance hierarchy is established and the dominant chicks lethally attack siblings. We experimentally elevated testosterone in chicks of a facultatively siblicidal species, the black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla, and showed that testosterone-treated chicks were more aggressive toward their sibling than were control chicks. In such facultatively siblicidal species, chicks normally exhibit intense aggression only when threatened by starvation. Indeed, we found that chicks in relatively poorer condition were more aggressive than were chicks in better condition, even among testosterone-treated chicks, suggesting the action of an additional signal modulating aggression. Relatively larger siblings were also more aggressive than were relatively smaller siblings, confirming the importance of size advantage in determining dominance hierarchies within the brood. In addition, testosterone increased aggression toward a simulated predator, indicating that in kittiwakes testosterone can increase aggression in contexts other than siblicide. Testosterone promoted aggression-mediated dominance, which increased begging although testosterone treatment did not have a significant separate effect on begging. Therefore, testosterone production in the kittiwake and most likely other siblicidal species seems an important fitness mediator already early in life, outside the sexual context and not only manifesting itself in aggressive behavior but also in dominance-mediated effects on food solicitation displays toward parents. 相似文献