全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1049篇 |
免费 | 33篇 |
国内免费 | 45篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 49篇 |
废物处理 | 67篇 |
环保管理 | 77篇 |
综合类 | 225篇 |
基础理论 | 182篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 309篇 |
评价与监测 | 122篇 |
社会与环境 | 81篇 |
灾害及防治 | 14篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 75篇 |
2021年 | 72篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 32篇 |
2018年 | 64篇 |
2017年 | 48篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 41篇 |
2014年 | 65篇 |
2013年 | 82篇 |
2012年 | 59篇 |
2011年 | 61篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 38篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 20篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1917年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1127条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
951.
Caetano AL Gonçalves F Sousa JP Cachada A Pereira E Duarte AC Ferreira da Silva E Pereira R 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(3):925-936
This study describes the first attempt to validate a Portuguese natural soil (PTRS1) to be used as reference soil for ecotoxicological purposes, aimed to both: (i) obtain ecotoxicological data for the derivation of Soil Screening Values (SSVs) with regional relevance, acting as a substrate to be spiked with ranges of concentrations of the chemicals under evaluation and (ii) act as control and as substrate for the dilution of contaminated soils in ecotoxicological assays performed to evaluate the ecotoxicity of contaminated soils, in tier 2 of risk assessment frameworks, applied to contaminated lands. The PTRS1 is a cambisol from a granitic area integrated in the Central Iberian Zone. After chemical characterization of the soil in terms of pseudo-total metals, PAHs, PCBs and pesticide contents, it was possible to perceive that some metals (Ba, Be, Co, Cr and V) surpass the Dutch Target Values (Dtvs) corrected for the percentage of organic matter and clay of the PTRS1. Nevertheless, these metals displayed total concentrations below the background total concentrations described for Portuguese soils in general. The same was observed for aldrin, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, heptachlor epoxide, and heptachlor; however the Dtvs corrected become negligible. The performance of invertebrate and plant species, commonly used in standard ecotoxicological assays, was not compromised by both soil properties and soil metal contents. The results obtained suggest that the PTRS1 can be used as a natural reference soil in ecotoxicological assays carried out under the scope of ecological risk assessment. 相似文献
952.
Juliana V. Teixeira Sandra Miranda Ricardo A. R. Monteiro Filipe V. S. Lopes Joana Madureira Gabriela V. Silva Nazaré Pestana Eugénia Pinto Vítor J. P. Vilar Rui A. R. Boaventura 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):59-72
The main objective of this work was to quantify and characterize the major indoor air contaminants present in different stages of a municipal WWTP, including microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide ammonia, formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In general, the total bacteria concentration was found to vary from 60 to >52,560 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3, and the total fungi concentration ranged from 369 to 14,068 CFU/m3. Generally, Gram-positive bacteria were observed in higher number than Gram-negative bacteria. CO2 concentration ranged from 251 to 9,710 ppm, and CO concentration was either not detected or presented a level of 1 ppm. H2S concentration ranged from 0.1 to 6.0 ppm. NH3 concentration was <2 ppm in most samples. Formaldehyde was <0.01 ppm at all sampling sites. The total VOC concentration ranged from 36 to 1,724 μg/m3. Among the VOCs, toluene presented the highest concentration. Results point to indoor/outdoor ratios higher than one. In general, the highest levels of airborne contaminants were detected at the primary treatment (SEDIPAC 3D), secondary sedimentation, and sludge dehydration. At most sampling sites, the concentrations of airborne contaminants were below the occupational exposure limits (OELs) for all the campaigns. However, a few contaminants were above OELs in some sampling sites. 相似文献
953.
Water quality of the Ribeirão Preto Stream, a watercourse under anthropogenic influence in the southeast of Brazil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Renato I. da Silva Alves Osmar de Oliveira Cardoso Karina A. de Abreu Tonani Fabiana C. Julião Tânia M. B. Trevilato Susana I. Segura-Muñoz 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1151-1161
It is known that Brazil still has a privileged position of water quantity and quality, but water use has not proceeded in a responsible manner and often results in impairment of quality. This study aims to evaluate limnological parameters, parasites and bacteria, and concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Zn) in surface water of Ribeirão Preto Stream. The Ribeirão Preto Stream is located in urban areas under anthropogenic influence. The results showed that the levels of dissolved oxygen values were lower than those established by the National Environmental Council (CONAMA Resolution No 357/2005). The reading of electrical conductivity showed values typical of impacted environments. The parasitological analysis revealed the presence of nematode larvae. The bacteriological analysis showed higher values for total coliform and Escherichia coli than those set by the Brazilian National Environment Council (CONAMA). The heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Zn showed concentrations in accordance with the guidelines established by CONAMA. The results provide data on the quality of these waters and showed the necessity to protect the watercourse from point sources of contamination, recommending their continued monitoring. 相似文献
954.
Ehsan Asadi Manuel C. Gameiro da Silva J. J. Costa 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):865-875
Good indoor air quality (IAQ) in buildings provides a comfortable and healthy environment for the occupants to work, learn, study, etc. Therefore, it is important to ascertain the IAQ status in the buildings. This study is aimed to establish and demonstrate the comprehensive IAQ audit approach for public buildings, based on Portugal national laws. Four public buildings in Portugal are used to demonstrate the IAQ audit application. The systematic approach involves the measurement of physical parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and concentration of the suspended particulate matter), monitoring of the concentrations of selected chemical indicators [carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, ozone, and total volatile organic compounds], and the measurements of biological indicators (bacteria and fungi). In addition, air exchange rates are measured by the concentration decay method using metabolic CO2 as the tracer gas. The comprehensive audits indicated some situations of common IAQ problems in buildings, namely: (1) insufficient ventilation rate, (2) too high particle concentration; and (3) poor filtration effectiveness and hygienic conditions in most of the air handling units. Accordingly, a set of recommendations for the improvement of IAQ conditions were advised to the building owner/managers. 相似文献
955.
J. M. F. F. Santos D. M. Santos C. G. R. Lopes K. A. Silva E. V. S. B. Sampaio E. L. Araújo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8287-8302
This study aimed to describe and compare the interannual changes in the diversity and population structure of herbaceous plants in an anthropogenic area that has been regenerating for 15 years and to identify the similarities and differences in the biological attributes of the community compared with the characteristics of a regenerating conserved area. In total, 105 plots measuring 1 m2 were established. In each plot, the herbaceous plants were identified, and their height and stem diameter were measured for two consecutive years. The herbaceous flora of the anthropogenic area was represented by 86 species in 70 genera and 27 families, and there were no significant differences in the average richness between years. The conserved area was represented by 71 species in 63 genera and 35 families, and there was a significant difference in the total richness between areas and between years, except when comparing the richness between the conserved area and the anthropogenic area during the second year. Considering both the anthropogenic and conserved areas, 123 herbaceous species were listed, and the similarity between areas was 60 %. For the anthropogenic area, the floristic similarity between years was 95 %, and in the fragment of the conserved area, the similarity was 74 %. The diversity and density were significantly different between years and between areas. Given these results, this study suggests that 15 years of natural regeneration for the caatinga is not sufficient to reestablish its native flora with respect to its herbaceous component. 相似文献
956.
Mércia?de Oliveira?Cardoso Elvira?M.?R.?PedrosaEmail author Mário?M.?Rolim ênio?F.?F.?e?Silva Patrícia?A.?de?Barros 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3529-3544
Nematodes present high potential as a biological indicator of soil quality. In this work, it was evaluated relations between
soil physical properties and nematode community under sugarcane cropping and remaining of Atlantic Forest areas in Northeastern
Pernambuco, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from September to November 2009 along two 200-m transects in both remaining
of Atlantic Forest and sugarcane field at deeps of 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 cm. For soil characterization, it
was carried out analysis of soil size, water content, total porosity, bulk density, and particle density. The level of soil
mechanical resistance was evaluated through a digital penetrometer. Nematodes were extracted per 300 cm3 of soil through centrifugal flotation in sucrose being quantified, classified according trophic habit, and identified in
level of genus or family. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation at 5% of probability. Geostatistical analysis showed
that the penetration resistance, water content, total porosity, and bulk density on both forest and cultivated area exhibited
spatial dependence at the sampled scale, and their experimental semivariograms were fitted to spherical and exponential models.
In forest area, the ectoparasites and free-living nematodes exhibited spherical model. In sugarcane field, the soil nematodes
exhibited pure nugget effect. Pratylenchus sp. and Helicotylenchus sp. were prevalent in sugarcane field, but in forest, there was prevalence of Dorylaimidae and Rhabditidae. Total amount
of nematode did not differ between environments; however, community trophic structure in forest presented prevalence of free-living
nematodes: omnivores followed by bacterial-feeding soil nematodes, while plant-feeding nematodes were prevalent in sugarcane
field. The nematode diversity was higher in the remaining of Atlantic Forest. However, the soil mechanical resistance was
higher under sugarcane cropping, affecting more directly the free-living nematodes; especially Dorylaimidae which was the
most sensible to changes in soil physical properties. 相似文献
957.
Iain McLellan Andrew Hursthouse Calum Morrison Adélia Varela Cristina Silva Pereira 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(2):1281-1293
A major concern for the cork and wine industry is ‘cork taint’ which is associated with chloroanisoles, the microbial degradation metabolites of chlorophenols. The use of chlorophenolic compounds as pesticides within cork forests was prohibited in 1993 in the European Union (EU) following the introduction of industry guidance. However, cork produced outside the EU is still thought to be affected and simple, robust methods for chlorophenol analysis are required for wider environmental assessment by industry and local environmental regulators. Soil samples were collected from three common-use forests in Tunisia and from one privately owned forest in Sardinia, providing examples of varied management practice and degree of human intervention. These provided challenge samples for the optimisation of a HPLC-UV detection method. It produced recoveries consistently >75 % against a soil CRM (ERM-CC008) for pentachlorophenol. The optimised method, with ultraviolet (diode array) detection is able to separate and quantify 16 different chlorophenols at field concentrations greater than the limits of detection ranging from 6.5 to 191.3 μg/kg (dry weight). Application to a range of field samples demonstrated the absence of widespread contamination in forest soils at sites sampled in Sardinia and Tunisia. 相似文献
958.
959.
960.