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91.
92.
A pilot and field investigation on mobility of PCDDs/PCDFs in landfill site with municipal solid waste incineration residue 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A field investigation by boring was carried out in a landfill site primarily with municipal solid waste incineration residue. From the collected core samples, vertical profiles of homologous content of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) in the landfill layer were traced and the behavior of PCDDs/PCDFs was examined. In addition, a pilot-scale study was conducted on the PCDDs/PCDFs leached from incineration fly ash and the treated one using large landfill simulation columns (lysimeters) and the leaching behavior of PCDDs/PCDFs was examined. As a result, it was found that the coexistence of dissolved coloring constituents (DCCs), which might be composed of constituents like dissolved humic matters having strong affinity for hydrophobic organic pollutants, could enhance the leachability of PCDDs/PCDFs, thus contributing to the vertical movement and leaching behavior of PCDDs/PCDFs in the landfill layers of the incineration residue. Moreover, it is highly probable that DCCs derive from the unburned carbon in the bottom ash mixed and buried with the fly ash containing a high content of PCDDs/PCDFs. 相似文献
93.
Metabolites of methoxychlor such as 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (mono-OH-MXC) and 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (bis-OH-MXC), have estrogenic activity. Mono-OH-MXC is a chiral compound in which the carbon atom bridging two benzene rings is the chiral centre. In previous studies the estrogenic activity of racemic mono-OH-MXC has been measured, and the activity of each enantiomer of this compound has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the estrogen receptor-binding activity of each enantiomer of mono-OH-MXC to clarify the enantioselective recognition by the estrogen receptor. (S)-mono-OH-MXC showed 3-fold higher binding activity than that of the (R) enantiomer. The activity of bis-OH-MXC was only 1.7-fold higher than that of (S)-mono-OH-MXC. This result suggests that the one hydroxy group and the orientation of the CCl3 group of mono- and bis-OH-MXCs are important for the interaction with the estrogen receptor. The result also points out the estrogenic activity of methoxychlor after metabolic activation in vivo, which predominantly produces the (S)-mono-OH-MXC, may be higher than estimated from the in vitro activity of racemic mixtures. 相似文献
94.
Abdul Wahab Khan Mohammad Shahedur Rahman Umme Salma Zohora Masahiro Okanami Takashi Ano 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011
Interest in microbial surfactants has been steadily increasing in recent years due to their diversity, mass production possibility, selectivity, performance under extreme conditions and potential applications in environmental protection. In this study two pentose sugars (xylose and arabinose) were investigated for the submerged fermentation (SmF) of Bacillus subtilis in surfactant production medium for bio-surfactant surfactin production. An excellent vegetative growth of B. subtilis (× 1010 CFU/mL) was observed for xylose and arabinose containing medium which were comparable to glucose supplemented medium. Low growth (× 108 CFU/mL) was found when medium was not supplemented with any of the sugars. Surfactin production in xylose, arabinose and glucose containing medium was 2700, 2600 and 2000 mg/L, respectively, whereas, medium without any sugar showed low surfactin (700 mg/L) production. These results clearly indicate the effect of pentose sugars on production of surfactin. Gradual depletion of the xylose and arabinose were confirmed by HPLC analysis during the growth phase of the strain that ultimately produced the surfactin. 相似文献
95.
Natsuko Ito Kondo Daisei Yamanaka Yuya Kanbe Yoko Kawate Kunitake Masahiro Yoneda Koji Tsuchida Koichi Goka 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(4):467-475
The European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, is an invasive eusocial species whose distribution is expanding greatly beyond its native range because numerous colonies
are imported to or locally produced in non-native countries for pollination of agricultural crops. Closely related species
exist in Japan where the unrestricted import and use of B. terrestris has resulted in the establishment of wild colonies. Laboratory studies previously showed that B. terrestris and Japanese native species can copulate and produce fertilized eggs. Although these eggs do not hatch, the interspecific
mating can cause a serious reproductive disturbance to native bumblebees. In this study, we determined the frequencies of
interspecies mating between B. terrestris males and native bumblebee queens in the wild on the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu by analyzing the DNA sequences of spermatozoa
stored in spermathecae of native queens. We found that 20.2% of B. hypocrita hypocrita queens and 30.2% of B. hypocrita sapporoensis queens had spermatozoa of B. terrestris males in their spermathecae. Given that a Bombus queen generally mates only once in her life, such high frequencies of interspecific mating with B. terrestris pose serious threats to the populations of native bumblebees in Japan. 相似文献
96.
Takaaki Mizutani Hidenori Matsui Hiroshi Sanui Masahiro Yonekura 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2001,14(6):163-565
In this study, the decomposing detonation and deflagration properties of ozone/oxygen mixtures of up to 20 vol.% of ozone in oxygen under high pressure of up to 1.0 MPa in a tube were experimentally investigated. The mixtures were ignited by an electric spark at the end of the tube. Flame propagation properties such as flame velocity and pressure were measured with thermocouples and piezo electric transducers mounted along the tube. Slow and constant flame propagation profiles were obtained. We also investigated the quenching ability of a wire gauze as well as the concentration limit for flame propagation. However, in spite of slow flame propagation velocity and easy flame quenching properties under these experimental conditions, direct initiation of detonation by the driver detonation of the stoichiometric oxy-hydrogen mixture was easily achieved at much lower concentrations than the limit of deflagration. The observed detonation properties, such as wave velocity and pressure, agreed fairly well with C–J calculated values. The detonation velocity (900–1200 m/s) and the pressure ratio to initial pressures (5–9.5) were not affected by the initial pressure of the mixtures. Near the detonation limit, typical spinning detonations with oscillatory pressure waves were observed. 相似文献
97.
Masahiro Shimada Takahiko Iida Kensuke Kawarada Takayuki Okayama Masami Fushitani 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):135-143
We have already reported the adsorptivity and pore structure of activated carbon made from waste newspaper in order to use
the waste paper for purposes other than paper-making stock. However, manufacturing the activated carbon may not necessarily
be an advantageous method based on environmental concerns and the effective use of the resource because the reaction during
the activating process is endothermic and the amount of carbon consumed is significant. Here, we examine the pore structure
and adsorption properties of waste newspaper used as an adsorbent in the form of a carbonized material. Waste newspaper was
carbonized for 2 h in the temperature range 400°–1000°C. The specific surface area of the carbonized material obtained, 418 m2/g, was highest for the sample carbonized at 800°C, which was equal to or greater than that of commercially available charcoal.
Moreover, the iodine adsorption number of 581 mg/g was the highest and the rate of adsorption was the fastest for the sample
carbonized at 800°C. However, the humidity control capability was highest for the material carbonized at 600°–700°C. It has
been determined that it is advantageous to carbonize waste paper at 800°C in order to use the carbonized material as an adsorbent,
while carbonization at 600°–700°C is more advantageous for use as a humidity control material.
Received: June 23, 2000 / Accepted: January 17, 2001 相似文献
98.
Masahiro Shimada Takahiko Iida Kensuke Kawarada Yoshifumi Chiba Toshihiro Mamoto Takayuki Okayama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(2):100-108
In an earlier report, we presented a method for preparing activated carbon from waste newspaper as a way to recycle used paper
for a purpose other than producing raw material for paper-making. In this article, we consider the porous structure of the
activated carbon that affects its adsorption properties for various substances. The specific surface area of activated carbon
prepared from waste newspaper was 838 m2/g, the micropore volume was 0.368 ml/g, and the mesopore volume was 0.138 ml/g, which is about the same as commercially available
activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper usually has a high content of ash, which makes little
contribution to the adsorption properties. In particular, as compared with reagent-activated carbon, the quantities of mesopores
with a pore radius of 3–25 nm and macropores with a pore radius of 25–250 nm were 8 and 14 times larger, respectively. Activated
carbon prepared from waste newspaper has a well-developed porous structure, particularly in the mesopore and macropore ranges.
Received: July 12, 1999 / Accepted: March 8, 2000 相似文献
99.
Takahiro Yamaguchi Masahiro Okihashi Yoshimasa Konishi Kotaro Uchida Mai Hoang Ngoc Do 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(6):430-433
The residual levels of antibiotics in Vietnamese eggs were monitored from 2014 to 2015. A total of 111 egg packages, distributed by 11 different companies, were collected from supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City and the levels of 28 antibiotics were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) screening method. Sixteen samples tested positive for antibiotics; a total of eight compounds (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, tilmicosin and trimethoprim) were detected. Enrofloxacin was detected in eight samples, with two samples exhibiting concentrations exceeding 1,000 µg kg?1. Tilmicosin was detected in three samples at a range of 49–568 µg kg?1. We observed that two of the 11 companies frequently sold antibiotic-contaminated eggs (detection rates of 56 and 60%), suggesting that a number of companies do not regulate the use of antibiotics in egg-laying hens. Our findings indicate that livestock farmers require instruction regarding antibiotic use and that continual antibiotic monitoring is essential in Vietnam. 相似文献
100.
Masahiro Tokumura Yuko WadaYuri Usami Takako YamakiAtsushi Mizukoshi Miyuki NoguchiYukio Yanagisawa 《Chemosphere》2012,89(10):1238-1242
The photo-Fenton reaction was applied as a novel method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the gas phase, and its effectiveness was experimentally examined. In conventional VOCs removal methods using a photocatalyst or ozone, VOCs are oxidized in the gas phase. Therefore, incompletely oxidized intermediates, which may have adverse effects on health, are likely to contaminate the treated air. On the other hand, in the VOCs removal method developed in this study, because the VOCs are oxidized in the liquid phase by the photo-Fenton reaction, any incompletely oxidized intermediates produced are confined to the liquid phase. As a result, the contamination of the treated air by these harmful intermediates can be prevented. Using a semi-batch process, it was found that the removal efficiency for toluene in a one-pass test (residence time of 17 s) was 61%, for an inlet toluene gas concentration of 930 ppbv, an initial iron ion concentration of 20 mg L−1, and an initial hydrogen peroxide concentration of 630 mg L−1. The removal efficiency was almost constant as long as H2O2 was present in the solution. Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the absence of any incompletely oxidized intermediates in the treated air. 相似文献