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71.
Jiajia Zheng Trang Huynh Massimo Gasparon Jack Ng Barry Noller 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8404-8416
Lead from historical mining and mineral processing activities may pose potential human health risks if materials with high concentrations of bioavailable lead minerals are released to the environment. Since the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization withdrew the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake of lead in 2011, an alternative method was required for lead exposure assessment. This study evaluated the potential lead hazard to young children (0–7 years) from a historical mining location at a semi-arid area using the U.S. EPA Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) Model, with selected site-specific input data. This study assessed lead exposure via the inhalation pathway for children living in a location affected by lead mining activities and with specific reference to semi-arid conditions and made comparison with the ingestion pathway by using the physiologically based extraction test for gastro-intestinal simulation. Sensitivity analysis for major IEUBK input parameters was conducted. Three groups of input parameters were classified according to the results of predicted blood concentrations. The modelled lead absorption attributed to the inhalation route was lower than 2 % (mean?±?SE, 0.9 %?±?0.1 %) of all lead intake routes and was demonstrated as a less significant exposure pathway to children’s blood, compared with ingestion. Whilst dermal exposure was negligible, diet and ingestion of soil and dust were the dominant parameters in terms of children’s blood lead prediction. The exposure assessment identified the changing role of dietary intake when house lead loadings varied. Recommendations were also made to conduct comprehensive site-specific human health risk assessment in future studies of lead exposure under a semi-arid climate. 相似文献
72.
Mery Malandrino Massimo Di Martino Agnese Giacomino Francesco Geobaldo Silvia Berto Mauro M. Grosa Ornella Abollino 《Chemosphere》2013,90(10):2578-2588
The temporal trends of major, minor and trace elements in the total atmospheric particulate sampled in the urban area of Turin (Italy) were determined for the following years: 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2001. The wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) technique was adopted to determine the concentrations of Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Ti and Zn. A smaller number of samples was also analysed by ICP atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and the results were compared with those obtained by WD-XRF to confirm their validity. A clear seasonal pattern with higher concentrations of the aforementioned elements in the cold periods was observed. Moreover, a change in the chemical composition of atmospheric particulate matter was evidenced, particularly between the first (1976 and 1986) and the last (1996 and 2001) years. This change can be attributed both to the greater contribution of Pb and Br to atmospheric pollution in the past and, in recent years, to the higher level of pollutants associated with increased vehicular traffic and industrial activities. The application of chemometric techniques (Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis) allowed us to speculate about the main emitting sources influencing the total atmospheric particulate in these years. 相似文献
73.
Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage effluents and correlation with microbial,chemical and physical water variables 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bonadonna L Briancesco R Ottaviani M Veschetti E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,75(3):241-252
Contaminated water are recognized as a potential source of Cryptosporidium oocysts. In Italy studies on the environmentalspread of the parasite are still scarce even if a high frequencyof serological responses could suggest high rates of endemic Cryptosporidium infections. In this investigation theoccurrence of the parasite in water samples from a municipalwastewater treatment plant was monitored with the aim to evaluatepossible correlation between oocysts and bacterial indicators,pathogens and physico-chemical parameters using a multivariateanalysis. Data collected showed high numbers of oocysts, with ahigh percentage of positive samples and a significant correlationwith pH, redox potential and total organic carbon. No correlationwas found between Cryptosporidium concentration and that of the other microrganisms. The results, through a probing statistical analysis, show that none of the selected microrganisms was a reliable predictor of the presence of theparasite. 相似文献
74.
Davide Papurello Andrea Lanzini Pierluigi Leone Massimo Santarelli Silvia Silvestri 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(11):2047-2056
The present work investigates electricity production using a high efficiency electrochemical generator that employs as fuel a biogas from the dry anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW).The as-produced biogas contains several contaminants (sulfur, halogen, organic silicon and aromatic compounds) that can be harmful for the fuel cell: these were monitored via an innovative mass spectrometry technique that enables for in-line and real-time quantification.A cleaning trap with activated carbons for the removal of sulfur and other VOCs contained in the biogas was also tested and monitored by observing the different breakthrough times of studied contaminants.The electrochemical generator was a commercial Ni anode-supported planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), tested for more than 300 h with a simulated biogas mixture (CH4 60 vol.%, CO2 40 vol.%), directly fed to the anode electrode. Air was added to promote the direct internal conversion of CH4 to H2 and CO via partial oxidation (POx).The initial breakthrough of H2S from the cleaning section was also simulated and tested by adding ~1 ppm(v) of sulfur in the anode feed; a full recovery of the fuel cell performance after 24 h of sulfur exposure (~1 ppm(v)) was observed upon its removal, indicating the reliable time of anode exposure to sulfur in case of exhausted guard bed. 相似文献
75.
Aqueous solutions of Fenton's reagent (Fe2+ + H2O2) have been used to effect the total decomposition of the chlorophenols: 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 3,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. The mineralization of these chlorinated aromatic substrates to CO2 and free Cl− has been studied as a function of [Fe2+] and [HClO4]. Increasing the concentration of Fe2+ enhances the decomposition process, while an increase in the concentration of HClO4, inhibits the reaction. The presence of Fe3+ alone (without any Fe2+) with H2O2 has no effect on the degradation of the chlorophenols. In all cases, the stoichiometric quantity of free Cl− was obtained at the completion of the decomposition reaction; but the rates of disappaearance of the chlorophenol and of the formation of the Cl− are not similar. This suggests that some chlorinated aliphatic species may be formed as possible intemediates. 相似文献
76.
Annibale?BiggeriEmail author Massimo?Bonannini Dolores?Catelan Fabio?Divino Emanuela?Dreassi Corrado?Lagazio 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2005,12(4):397-409
In this work we propose a Bayesian ecological analysis in which a latent variable summarizes data on emissions of atmospheric
pollutants. We specified a hierarchical Bayesian model with spatially structured and unstructured random terms with a nested
latent factor model. This can be considered a combination of the convolution spatial model of Besag et al. (1991) and an ecological regression analysis in which a latent variable plays the role of the covariate. The unified approach allows
to proper account for the uncertainty in the latent score estimation in the regression analysis. The Bayesian Latent Factor
model is used to summarize the information on environmental pressure derived from three stressors: Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen
Oxides and Inhalable Particles. We found evidence of positive correlation between Lung cancer mortality and environmental
pressure indicators, in males, Tuscany (Italy), 1995–1999. Environmental pressure seems to be restricted to fourteen municipalities
(top 5% of the Latent Factor distribution). The model identified two areas with high point source emissions. 相似文献
77.
Piero Barazzuoli Senatro Izzo Paolo Menicori Massimiliano Micheluccini Massimo Salleolini 《Environmental management》1989,13(5):613-622
The principal aim of this research is to solve problems of water-budget estimation in particularly indeterminate conditions, of the kind that are frequently encountered in the field, in which absence or insufficiency of hydrographic instrumentation prevents the adequate evaluation of runoff.To do this we have developed techniques that are based on the method of Kennessey (1930), in which the runoff coefficient of a watershed in estimated using three physiographic variables (slope angle, permeability, and vegetation cover) and a parameter that defines the climatic conditions of the local area. Our comparison of the Kennessey method with instrumental records from a wide variety of instrumented drainage basins in central Italy shows that the method provides reliable estimates of runoff. Our analysis also indicates the best criteria for its application, as shown by the examples and results presented in this article.This research enables us to present a new application of the method, namely the runoff coefficient map, which, in addition to its specific usefulness for the evaluation of runoff, has three advantages. First, it supplies a more realistic vision of the local distribution of runoff/rainfall ratios; second, it allows one to overcome the spatial constraints imposed by the narrow frame of reference represented by the watershed; and third, it makes an important contribution to the solution of other hydrogeological problems, such as the evaluation of the amount of water required for adequate recharge of the intake areas of deep aquifers or the maintenance of geothermal processes.Hence we propose this mapping technique as a valuable practical aid to regional hydrogeologic planning. 相似文献
78.
79.
Eduardo Yubero Adoración Carratalá Javier Crespo Jose Nicolás Milagros Santacatalina Silvia Nava Franco Lucarelli Massimo Chiari 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(1):64-74
Introduction
The concentrations of trace metals, ionic species, and carbonaceous components in PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 10 μm) were measured from samples collected near an industrial complex, primarily composed of cement plants, in southeastern Spain, from September 2005 to August 2006. 相似文献80.
Fagnano M Maggio A Fumagalli I 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1438-1444
The Mediterranean environment, and most of the Italian peninsula, presents some peculiarities in terms of crop response to O3 since most physiological mechanisms activated upon O3 exposure, such as stomatal closure, often overlap and interact with those that underlie plant adaptation to drought and hyperosmotic stress, which are typical of these environments. OTC and EDU experiments have demonstrated that O3 causes strong yield losses when crops are grown without water limitations. However, exposure to water or saline stress significantly reduced O3 effects on crop yield. In this review, we present the methodological approaches that have been used to study plant-ozone interactions in Italy as well as biochemical, physiological and agronomic responses for representative cropping systems of the Mediterranean climate. 相似文献