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41.
Monperrus M Point D Grall J Chauvaud L Amouroux D Bareille G Donard O 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(7):693-700
A multidisciplinary approach has been adopted in order to investigate the bioaccumulation of metals and organometals in macrobenthic populations. A complete method coupling a sampling strategy and classification of benthic organisms with a performant analytical procedure for the analysis of both metals and organometals has been developed. A single sample preparation method using a TMAH extraction and species specific isotope dilution makes it possible to analyse metals and organometals in the same extract, which is especially interesting for situations where only a limited amount of sample is available. Low detection limits have been obtained in the range of 12-250 pg g(-1) for mercury and butyltin compounds and 0.4-50 ng g(-1) for metals with good precision (1-10% RSD) even for a very low mass of sample (0.02 g). This method has been applied for monitoring contamination and bioaccumulation of metals and organometals as well as the biodiversity and trophic structure of the macrobenthic population of the Adour Estuary (South-West, France). The benthic macrofauna diversity indicates that inner estuarine stations are moderately polluted whereas outer estuarine stations are less impacted. However, metals concentrations in both sediment and benthic biomass do not change drastically between stations. Moreover, the bioaccumulation has been determined in relation to the feeding guild of benthic organisms. The results demonstrate that higher bioaccumulation is generally observed for deposit feeders directly impacted by sediment contamination compared to suspensive feeders and predators. Biomagnification along the trophic levels was highlighted for MMHg but no significant trend was observed for the other metallic compounds. 相似文献
42.
L. Dallaire MD G. Mitchell R. Giguère F. Lefebvre S. B. Melançon M. Lambert 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(9):855-858
Amniocentesis was performed at 17.3 weeks in a pregnancy with severe intrauterine growth retardation. Cytogenetic studies on amniocytes were normal, 46,XX, and the pregnancy was continued. The diagnosis of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome was suspected in the neonatal period and confirmed by the presence of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in the plasma (0.4 mmol/l, normal = not detectable) associated with a low total cholesterol concentration (0.4 mmol/l, normal = 2.56 ± 0.23). Retrospective analysis of the amniotic fluid sample revealed an elevated level of 7-DHC (0.022 mmol/l; normal = undetectable). Therefore measurement of 7-DHC levels in amniotic fluid during the second trimester of pregnancy is useful for the prenatal diagnosis of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome in families at risk and should be considered in cases of severe growth retardation of unknown aetiology for which amniotic fluid is available and in which a normal chromosomal pattern in amniocytes is present. 相似文献
43.
44.
Atmospheric mercury at mediterranean coastal stations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ingvar Wängberg John Munthe David Amouroux Maria E. Andersson Vesna Fajon Romano Ferrara Katarina Gårdfeldt Milena Horvat Yaacov Mamane Ety Melamed Mathilde Monperrus Nives Ogrinc Osnat Yossef Nicola Pirrone Jonas Sommar Francesca Sprovieri 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2008,8(2):101-116
Mercury in air has been measured at five coastal Mediterranean sites, involving measurements in Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia and
Israel. Four two-weeks long measurements campaigns were performed at the five sites. The measurements were carried out during
autumn 2003 and winter, spring and summer 2004. Total gaseous mercury/elemental gaseous mercury, particulate mercury and divalent
gaseous mercury were measured in parallel at the five sites. The activities constituted a subtask of the EU funded MERCYMS
research project, which also included Mediterranean Sea cruises where both mercury in air and water were measured. The result
from an evaluation of all the coastal air data is presented. Mercury concentrations from the different sites are compared
with similar data obtained in northern Europe and elsewhere. The result shows that the background concentration of mercury
in Mediterranean coastal air is lower than earlier anticipated. Background concentrations of TGM, RGM and TPM corresponded
to 1.75–1.80 ng m−3, 1–13 and 3–23 pg m−3, respectively. The measurements also showed that the mercury concentration occasionally can be very high in some areas due
to local anthropogenic emissions. It is proposed that diurnal variation in RGM concentrations observed during situation with
nocturnal inversion merely is an effect of meteorology rather than due to local photochemistry. 相似文献
45.
Julio César Marín Leal Stanislas Dubois Francis Orvain Robert Galois Jean-Louis Blin Michel Ropert Marie-Paule Bataillé Alain Ourry Sébastien Lefebvre 《Marine Biology》2008,153(4):673-688
Food sources for cultivated marine bivalves generally are not well identified, although they are essential for a better understanding
of coastal ecosystems and for the sustainability of shellfish farming activities. In addition to phytoplankton, other organic
matter sources (OMS), such as microphytobenthos and detritus (of terrestrial or marine origins), can contribute significantly
to the growth of marine bivalves. The aim of this study was to identify the potential food sources and to estimate their contributions
to the growth of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in two contrasting trophic environments of Normandy (France): the Baie des Veys (BDV) and the Lingreville area (LIN). Two
sites were studied in the BDV area (BDV-S and BDV-N) and one in the LIN area. To estimate the contribution of each type of
OMS, we used a combination of stable natural isotope composition (δ13C, δ15N) analysis of OMS and oyster tissue together with a modelling exercise. Field sampling was conducted every 2 months over
1 year. The sampled sources were suspended particulate organic matter from marine (PhyOM) and terrestrial (TOM) origins, microphytobenthos
(MPB), detrital organic matter from the superficial sediment (SOM), and macroalgae (Ulva sp., ULV). A statistical mixing model coupled to a bioenergetic model was used to calculate the contributions of each different
source at different seasons. Results showed that isotopic composition of the animal flesh varied with respect to the potential
OMS over the year within each ecosystem. Significant differences were also observed among the three locations. For instance,
the δ13C and δ15N values of the oysters ranged from −20.0 to −19.1‰ and from 6.9 to 10.8‰ at BDV-S, from −19.4 to −18.1‰ and from 6.4 to 10.0‰
at BDV-N, and from −21.8 to −19.4‰ and from 6.3 to 8.3‰ at LIN. The contributions of the different sources to oyster growth
differed depending on the ecosystem and on the period of the year. Phytoplankton (PhyOM) predominated as the principal food
source for oysters (particularly in the LIN location). MPB, TOM, and ULV detritus also possibly contributed to oysters’ diet
during summer and autumn at the BDV-S and BDV-N sites. SOM was not considered an OMS because it was already a mix of the other
four OMS, but rather a trophic reservoir that potentially mirrored the trophic functioning of marine ecosystems. 相似文献
46.
R. B. Rosengaus C. Jordan M. L. Lefebvre J. F. A. Traniello 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1999,86(11):544-548
Dampwood termites, Zootermopsis angusticollis, show an alarm response after detecting the presence of spores of the pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Termites in direct contact with a high concentration of spores (107 spores/ml) show a striking vibratory display which appears to convey information about the presence of pathogens to nearby
unexposed nestmates through substrate vibration. Nestmates not directly in contact with spores that perceive the vibrational
signal increase significantly their distance from the spore-exposed vibrating termites, apparently to escape from the source
of infection. The fleeing response is not induced by the presence of the spores alone or by pheromones, and requires the perception
of the vibrations propagated through the substrate. This "pathogen alarm behavior" appears to be a previously unrecognized
communication mechanism that allows termites to reduce disease risks within the nest.
Received: 12 May 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 26 August 1999 相似文献
47.
Pablo Rodriguez-Gonzalez Sylvain Bouchet Mathilde Monperrus Emmanuel Tessier David Amouroux 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1269-1280
The fate of mercury (Hg) and tin (Sn) compounds in ecosystems is strongly determined by their alkylation/dealkylation pathways. However, the experimental determination of those transformations is still not straightforward and methodologies need to be refined. The purpose of this work is the development of a comprehensive and adaptable tool for an accurate experimental assessment of specific formation/degradation yields and half-lives of elemental species in different aquatic environments. The methodology combines field incubations of coastal waters and surface sediments with the addition of species-specific isotopically enriched tracers and a mathematical approach based on the deconvolution of isotopic patterns. The method has been applied to the study of the environmental reactivity of Hg and Sn compounds in coastal water and surface sediment samples collected in two different coastal ecosystems of the South French Atlantic Coast (Arcachon Bay and Adour Estuary). Both the level of isotopically enriched species and the spiking solution composition were found to alter dibutyltin and monomethylmercury degradation yields, while no significant changes were measurable for tributyltin and Hg(II). For butyltin species, the presence of light was found to be the main source of degradation and removal of these contaminants from surface coastal environments. In contrast, photomediated processes do not significantly influence either the methylation of mercury or the demethylation of methylmercury. The proposed method constitutes an advancement from the previous element-specific isotopic tracers’ approaches, which allows for instance to discriminate the extent of net and oxidative Hg demethylation and to identify which debutylation step is controlling the environmental persistence of butyltin compounds. 相似文献
48.
49.
Marguerite Miguet Julien Thevenon Vincent Laugel Mathilde Lefebvre Aurélie Bourchany Jean-Baptiste Rivière Yannis Duffourd Elise Schaefer Maria Cristina Antal Rosalie Abida Anne-Sophie Weingertner Valérie Kremer Pierre Vabres Fanny Morice-Picard Marie Gonzales Dan Lipsker Sylvie Fraitag Jean-Louis Mandel Jamel Chelly Hélène Dollfus Laurence Faivre Christel Thauvin-Robinet Nadège Calmels Salima El Chehadeh 《黑龙江环境通报》2016,36(13):1276-1279
50.
Acid mine drainage (AMD) results from the oxidation of sulfides, mainly pyrite, present in mine wastes, either mill tailings or waste rock. This is the first of two papers describing the coupled physical processes taking place in waste rock piles undergoing AMD production. Since the oxidation of pyrite involves the consumption of oxygen and the production of heat, the oxidation process initiates coupled processes of gas transfer by diffusion and convection as well as heat transfer. These processes influence the supply of oxygen that is required to sustain the oxidation process. This first paper describes a general conceptual model of the interaction of these coupled transfer processes. This general conceptual model is illustrated by the physicochemical conditions observed at two large sites where extensive characterization programs revealed widely different properties. The South Dump of the Doyon mine in Canada is permeable and has a high pyrite oxidation rate leading to high temperatures (over 65 degrees C), thus making temperature-driven air convection the main oxygen supply mechanism. The Nordhalde of the Ronnenberg mining district in Germany contains lower permeability material which is less reactive, thus leading to a more balanced contribution of gaseous diffusion and convection as oxygen supply mechanisms. The field characterization and monitoring data at these sites were thoroughly analyzed to yield two coherent sets of representative physical properties. These properties are used in the second paper as a basis for applications of numerical simulation in AMD-producing waste rock piles. 相似文献