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101.
We review how Canadian Model Forests pursued forest and community sustainability over the course of two decades (1992–2012). Given its roots in the forest industry and forest science, Model Forest programming initially faced some challenges in pursuing the socio‐economic dimensions of sustainable forest management (SFM) in order to fulfil mandated community sustainability objectives. This was due, in part, to how objectives, stakeholders, and expertise were brought together to develop SFM. The programme helped to define sustainability and the SFM paradigm, advance forest science and social research, and bring together a mix of usually adversarial partners in the name of innovation. Ultimately, the termination of federal programming was linked to high‐level policy shifts, yet difficulty in delivering on the socio‐economic dimensions of SFM during a period of forest sector and community crisis was also a factor. 相似文献
102.
Elba Calesso Teixeira Eduardo Ramos de Santana Flavio Wiegand Jandyra Fachel 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(13):2213-2220
Weekly and seasonal variations of surface ozone and their precursors – nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide-associated with meteorological parameters (wind direction, temperature, solar radiation) – are reported. Measurements were performed continuously during 2006 at two sampling stations located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Results have shown that O3 concentrations remained almost constant between weekdays. Levels of NOx precursors decreased especially on Sundays, due to lighter traffic. The seasonal variation has shown a maximum O3 concentration during summer and spring while NOx and NO2 have maxima at the colder months. The daily cycle of highest ozone concentrations reveals a lower nightly level and an inverse relation between O3 and NOx, evidencing the photochemical formation of O3. There are seasonal variation and source heterogeneity. 相似文献
103.
Gabriela M. A. de Almeida Marcelo A. Ramos Elcida L. Araújo Cristina Baldauf Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque 《Ambio》2016,45(4):458-467
From the perception of human populations, we can assess the changes occurring in certain landscapes and the factors that cause those changes. Such studies have proven helpful in increasing the knowledge of the history of a landscape, recognizing past formations and projecting its future. Our research objective was to determine how a landscape dominated by the palm tree Attalea speciosa, a species of ecological, economic, and cultural importance, has been changing over time by synthesizing and comparing historical documents and local perceptions. This study was conducted in Araripe Environmental Protection Area, Northeast Region, Brazil. To understand local landscape change, we interviewed active harvesters in four communities in which A. speciosa use has been documented. Historical documents were evaluated as a complement to the interview data. According to local informants, areas previously used for cultivation and animal husbandry that were abandoned or decimated by droughts in the region may have fostered the expansion of a monodominant A. speciosa forest. Furthermore, other forms of landscape management resulting from human population growth may also have affected the current and past distribution of this forest. 相似文献
104.
Yuping Wu Walter W. Piegorsch R. Webster West Dengfang Tang Maureen O. Petkewich Wei Pan 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2006,13(1):125-141
We develop and study multiplicity adjustments for low-dose inferences in environmental risk assessment. Application is intended
for risk analysis studies where human, animal, or ecological data are used to set safe levels of a hazardous environmental
agent. A modern method for making inferences in this setting is known as benchmark analysis, where attention centers on the
dose at which a fixed benchmark level of risk is achieved. Both upper confidence limits on the risk and lower confidence limits
on the “benchmark dose” are of interest. In practice, a number of possible benchmark risks may be under study; if so, corrections
must be applied to adjust the limits for multiplicity. In this note, we discuss approaches for doing so with continuous, nonquantal
response data. 相似文献
105.
106.
Tânia Rodrigues Pereira Ramos Maria Isabel Gomes Ana Paula Barbosa-Póvoa 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(8):1691-1703
This research has been motivated by a real-life problem of a waste cooking oil collection system characterized by the existence of multiple depots with an outsourced vehicle fleet, where the collection routes have to be plan. The routing problem addressed allows open routes between depots, i.e., all routes start at one depot but can end at the same or at a different one, depending on what minimizes the objective function considered. Such problem is referred as a Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Mixed Closed and Open Inter-Depot Routes and is, in this paper, modeled through a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation where capacity and duration constraints are taken into account. The model developed is applied to the real case study providing, as final results, the vehicle routes planning where a decrease of 13% on mileage and 11% on fleet hiring cost are achieved, when comparing with the current company solution. 相似文献
107.
Alberto T. Correia Ana A. Ramos Filipe Barros Gon?alo Silva Paul Hamer Pedro Morais Regina L. Cunha Rita Castilho 《Marine Biology》2012,159(7):1509-1525
Genetic variation (mtDNA) of the European conger eel, Conger conger, was compared across five locations in the north-eastern Atlantic (Madeira, Azores, South Portugal, North Portugal and Ireland) and one location in the western Mediterranean (Mallorca). Genetic diversity of conger eel was high, and differentiation among regions was not significant. Additionally, comparisons of element:Ca ratios (Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, Mn:Ca and Mg:Ca) in otolith cores (larval phase) and edges (3?months prior to capture) among the Azores, North Portugal, Madeira and Mallorca regions for 2?years indicated that variation among regions were greater for edges than cores. Therefore, while benthic conger may display residency at regional scales, recruitment may not necessarily be derived from local spawning and larval retention. Furthermore, data from otoliths suggest a separated replenishment source for western Mediterranean and NE Atlantic stocks. The combination of genetics and otolith chemistry suggests?a population model for conger eel involving a broad-scale dispersal of larvae, with limited connectivity for benthic juvenile life stages at large spatial scales, although the existence of one or multiple spawning grounds for the species remains uncertain. 相似文献
108.
109.
The catalytic activity of Pd catalysts supported on Ce0.73Tb0.27Ox/SiO2, Ce0.6Zr0.4Ox/SiO2, Ce0.73Tb0.27Ox/La2O3-Al2O3 and Ce0.6Zr0.4Ox/La2O3-Al2O3 was studied using the reduction of NO by CO. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, surface area, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, CO chemisorption and oxygen storage capacity. Temperature-programmed reduction results indicated that Tb or Zr incorporation improves the reducibility and oxygen storage capacity. CO chemisorption data suggested the presence of large PdO particles due to the low CO/Pd ratio. No significant differences were obtained in light off temperatures (TLight off) for all Pd catalysts and the most active was 1.5%Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4Ox/SiO2. 相似文献
110.
Diana Guzmán-Torres Arantza Eiguren-Fernández Pablo Cicero-Fernández Marisela Maubert-Franco Armando Retama-Hernández Rafael Ramos Villegas Antonio H. Miguel 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(17):2693-2699
PM10 levels of the 16 US-EPA Priority Pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured from March 17 to 31, 2003, in 8-h time bins (morning, afternoon and nighttime) at Merced, a source site dominated by vehicular traffic emissions near the center of Mexico City, and at Pedregal, a receptor area located downwind in a residential area of low traffic. Along with PAH, elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC), mass, and prevailing meteorological parameters were measured. At the source location, measured concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), an agent suspected of being carcinogenic to humans and of causing oxidative DNA damage, reached concentrations as high as 2.04 and 2.11 ng m?3 during the morning of a weekday and the night period of a holiday. Compared with source dominated areas in Central Los Angeles, the BAP levels found in Central Mexico City are approximately 6 times higher. Benzo[ghi]perylene (BGP) levels were, in general, the highest among the target PAH, both at the source (7.2 ng m?3) and the receptor site (2.8 ng m?3), suggesting that, at both locations, exhaust emission by light-duty (LD) vehicles is an important contributor to the atmospheric PAH burden. Higher PAH concentrations were observed during the morning period (5:00–13:00 h) at the source and the receptor site. The concentrations of PAHs found predominantly in the particle-phase (MW > 202) correlated well (r = 0.57–0.71) with the occurrence of surface thermal inversions and with mixing heights (r = ?0.57 to ?0.72). Organic and elemental carbon ratios also indicated that Pedregal is impacted by secondary aerosols during the afternoon hours. 相似文献