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排序方式: 共有106条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Annik Schnitzler Jean-Claude Génot Maurice Wintz Brack W. Hale 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2008,21(5):423-436
This article discusses the ecological and cultural criteria underlying the management practices for protected areas in France.
It examines the evolution of French conservation from its roots in the 19th century, when it focused on the protection of
scenic landscapes, to current times when the focus is on the protection of biodiversity. However, biodiversity is often socially
defined and may not represent an ecologically sound objective for conservation. In particular, we question the current approach
to protecting a specific type of biodiversity that is at the basis of traditional landscape but does not value systems that
are left to develop naturally (i.e., without significant human intervention). We present several examples of current attempts
in France and Europe to managing traditional ecosystems and then discuss the values that exist in systems that develop naturally.
We feel the latter systems often have much to offer in terms of biodiversity as well as providing important sites for the
study of dynamic ecological communities in an ever-changing world. 相似文献
32.
Delhomme O Millet M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1791-1799
Background
Air samples collected on three different urban sites in East of France (Strasbourg, Besan?on, and Spicheren), from April 2006 to January 2007, were characterized to measure the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the particulate phase (PM10) and to examine their seasonal variation, diurnal variations, and emission sources.Results
The average concentrations of ??PAHs were 12.6, 9.5, and 8.9?ng?m?3 for the Strasbourg, Besan?on, and Spicheren sites, respectively. Strong seasonal variations of individual PAH concentrations were found at the three sampling sites, with higher levels in the winter that gradually decreased to the lowest levels in the summer. The diurnal variations of PAH concentrations in summer presented highest concentrations during the morning (04:00?C10:00) and the evening (16:00?C22:00) times, indicating the important contribution from vehicle emissions, in the three sampling sites. Furthermore, the ratio of BaP/BeP suggests that the photochemical degradation of PAHs can suppress their concentrations in the midday/afternoon (10:00?C16:00), time interval of highest global irradiance. In winter, concentrations of PAH were highest during the evening (16:00?C22:00) time, suggesting that domestic heating can potentially be an important source for particulate PAH, for the three sampling sites.Conclusion
Diagnostic ratios were used to identify potential sources of PAHs. Results showed that vehicle emissions may be the major source of PAHs, especially in summer, with a prevalent contribution of diesel engines rather than gasoline engines at the three sites studied, independently of the seasons. 相似文献33.
Kumpiene J Ore S Lagerkvist A Maurice C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(1):365-373
The stabilization of metal contaminated soil is being tested as an alternative remediation method to landfilling. An evaluation of the changes in Cu and Pb mobility and bioavailability in soil induced by the addition of coal fly ash and natural organic matter (peat) revealed that the amount of leached Cu decreased by 98.2% and Pb by 99.9%, as assessed by a batch test. Metal leaching from the treated soil was lower by two orders of magnitude compared to the untreated soil in the field lysimeters. A possible formation of mineral Cu- and Pb-bearing phases and active surface with oxides were identified by chemical equilibrium calculations. Low metal leaching during a two-year observation period, increased seed germination rate, reduced metal accumulation in plant shoots, and decreased toxicity to plants and bacteria, thereby demonstrating this stabilization method to be a promising technique for in situ remediation of Cu and Pb contaminated soil. 相似文献
34.
Maurice E. LePera Gerald DeBono 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):144-146
Most of the reliability analyses performed today assume that the system being considered is either in the operating state or in the failed state. However, there are systems in use which are considered to be operational even when they are in certain degraded states. An example is art electrostatic precipitator. This paper will take advantage of the special physical structure of a precipitator to obtain a mathematical model for its reliability. With appropriate modifications, this methodology can be extended to other systems. 相似文献
35.
Morville S Scheyer A Mirabel P Millet M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2004,6(12):963-966
A method using GC-MS and derivatization with N-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) was developed for the analysis of 20 phenolic compounds in atmospheric samples (gas and particles). Air sampling was carried out using a Hi-Vol sampler with glass fibre filter and XAD-2 resin at a flow rate of 60 m(3) h(-1). The particle and gas phases were collected separately over a period of 4 h. Samples were Soxhlet extracted, evaporated to dryness under nitrogen and refilled with acetonitrile. 100 microl of these extracts were derivatized with 100 microl of MTBSTFA at 80 degrees C for 1 h under strong stirring. Phenolic compounds were injected into a GC-MS in splitless mode and quantified as their TBDMS derivatives in the SIM mode. Mass spectral analysis of the derivatives of the 20 compounds studied indicates that the spectra are highly specific showing an ion at [M - 57]+ which is useful for structure confirmation or analysis at low levels using selected ion monitoring. Quantification limits varied between 5 microg l(-1) and 10 microg l(-1) which correspond to 20 pg m(-3) and 40 pg m(-3) for 250 m(3) of air sampled. This method was successfully applied to atmospheric samples. 相似文献
36.
Hui Zhao Huaxiao Yan Meiyu Huang Jihan Wang Heding Geng Xiyu Zhang Ziyang Qiu Yongliang Dai Zuozhen Han Yudong Xu Long Meng Lanmei Zhao Maurice E. Tucker 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(12):184-200
Biomineralization has become a research focus in wastewater treatment due to its much lower costs compared to traditional methods. However, the low sodium chloride (NaCl)-tolerance of bacteria limits applications to only water with low NaCl concentrations. Here, calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater (10% NaCl) were precipitated by free and immobilized Halovibrio mesolongii HMY2 bacteria and the differences between them were determined. The results show that calcium ions can be transformed into several types of calcium carbonate with a range of morphologies, abundant organic functional groups (C-H, C-O-C, C=O, etc), protein secondary structures (β-sheet, α-helix, 310 helix, and β-turn), P=O and S-H indicated by P2p and S2p, and more negative δ13CPDB (‰) values (-16.8‰ to -18.4‰). The optimal conditions for the immobilized bacteria were determined by doing experiments with six factors and five levels and using response surface method. Under the action of two groups of immobilized bacteria prepared under the optimal conditions, by the 10th day, Ca2+ ion precipitation ratios had increased to 79%-89% and 80%-88% with changes in magnesium ion cencentrations. Magnesium ions can significantly inhibit the calcium ion precipitation, and this inhibitory effect can be decreased under the action of immobilized bacteria. Minerals induced by immobilized bacteria always aggregated together, had higher contents of Mg, P, and S, lower stable carbon isotope values and less well-developed protein secondary structures. This study demonstrates an economic and eco-friendly method for recycling calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater, providing an easy step in the process of desalination. 相似文献
37.
38.
Vincent G Kopferschmitt-Kubler MC Mirabel P Pauli G Millet M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):25-30
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) are widely found in disinfectants used in hospitals. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) predominate in the disinfecting formulations. These compounds are strong irritants and can play a role in the induction of Occupational Asthma among the professionals of health and cleaning. In order to evaluate the potential health effect of these quaternary ammonium compounds to hospital employers, the development of an analytical method for their quantification in indoor air was developed. DDAC aerosols are trapped by adsorption on XAD-2 resin SKC tube. The air in hospital buildings was sampled using a constant debit Gillian pump at a flow of 1.0 l/min (+/-5%). Ion Chromatography (IC) was chosen for the analysis of DDAC especially for its high sensitivity and specificity. The Limit of Detection (LOD) by IC for DDAC is 0.56 mug/ml. Therefore the LOD of atmospheric DDAC is 28 microg/m(3) with an air volume of 100 l and a desorption volume of 5 ml. All DDAC air samples were lower than the LOD of the analytical method by IC. Under the standard conditions of use of the disinfecting solutions (Surfanios, Ampholysine Plus and Amphospray 41), the insignificant volatility of DDAC would not seem to be able to contaminate the indoor hospital atmosphere during the disinfection process. However, the DDAC can contaminate working atmospheres if it is put in suspension by aerosolisation. 相似文献
39.
石油烃厌氧生物降解代谢产物的分析对于石油烃厌氧降解机制的研究、功能微生物的筛选以及微生物活动的原位监测具有指示性作用.综述了近年来石油烃厌氧生物降解代谢产物的研究进展.石油烃厌氧降解的初始活化方式主要包括脱氢羟基化、加延胡索酸以及羧化等.其中,加延胡索酸是不同种类的微生物通常采用的代谢方式.同时,将代谢产物按照气体、无机离子和有机酸进行分类,并针对各类物质特别是瞬时性、低浓度的有机酸类产物常采用的分析方法进行归纳.通过实例强调了代谢产物作为潜在生物标记物的应用,并对石油烃厌氧降解代谢产物分析方法的发展提出展望.图3参58 相似文献
40.
A dynamic dilution system was used for the study of the influence of ozone on the sampling and storage of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) at 0, 4, 7 and 14 days in “TO-Can” canisters at two ozone concentrations, 60 and 150 ppbv. Among the 31 ozone
precursors VOCs, a representative mixture containing five alkenes, five aromatics, acetylene and 1,3 butadiene was selected
using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of ozone have no influence on the concentrations
of VOCs after 14 days storage period and consequently no problem of representativity of the sampling appears after 14 days
of storage. The main explanation is the degradation of ozone in contact with deactivated walls of canisters. 相似文献