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131.
Nicola Saino Maria Romano Diego Rubolini Manuela Caprioli Roberto Ambrosini Mauro Fasola 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(11):1813-1821
Parental decisions can determine offspring experience of environmental conditions. Such ‘maternal’ effects act both before and after hatching via, e.g., egg quality or the social milieu predisposed by parents. Resource availability may constrain the expression of adaptive maternal effects, and the specific pattern of allocation of these effects among offspring depending on their sex or birth order can result in different fitness payoffs to parents. Declining egg mass with laying order observed in several bird species may constitute an adaptive strategy of parental favouritism towards early hatching offspring with larger reproductive value but may also result from nutritional constraints on laying effort. A previous study has shown that the small size of the third, last laid (c-)egg in yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) clutches depends on food availability and that food-supplemented mothers increase the size of their female but not male c-eggs. Here, we show that increased mass of c-eggs laid by females supplemented with food after clutch initiation depends on increased albumen mass, which, in turn, enhances the size of daughters at hatching. Because asynchronous hatching results in a competitive disadvantage of c-chicks, present results suggest that mothers relieved from nutritional constraints enhance the size of daughters to compensate for their larger susceptibility to hatching last. The study also confirms the role of egg albumen content in determining hatchling size, previously experimentally detected only in one species in the wild. The effect of increased egg mass on offspring size persisted at least until day 8 after hatching, when, however, it did not vary with sex, suggesting intense negative selection on small female c-chicks in control broods. Hence, maternal effects mediated by egg albumen content had persistent effects on offspring size. 相似文献
132.
Aulenta F Bianchi A Majone M Petrangeli Papini M Potalivo M Tandoi V 《Environment international》2005,31(2):185-190
A microcosm study was used to assess the potential for in situ natural or enhanced bioremediation at a chloroethane- (i.e., tetrachloroethane, TeCA) and chloroethene-contaminated (i.e., tetrachloroethene, PCE; trichloroethene, TCE) groundwater in Northern Italy. All the live microcosms were positive for dechlorination, indicating the presence of an active native dechlorinating population in the subsurface. All the tested electron donors (i.e., yeast extract, lactate, butyrate, hydrogen) promoted enhanced dechlorination of chlorinated contaminants. Lactate- and butyrate-amended microcosms performed the best, and also dechlorinated the solvents past cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE). The microcosm bioaugmented with a PCE-dechlorinating mixed culture containing Dehalococcoides spp. dechlorinated groundwater contaminants to DCE, vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene (ETH). In conclusion, results from this microcosm study indicate the potential for enhancing full dechlorination at the contaminated site, through a proper addition of a suitable electron donor (e.g., lactate or butyrate) and/or through bioaugmentation with a Dehalococcoides-containing culture. 相似文献
133.
Stefano Colazza Mauro Lo Bue Daniela Lo Giudice Ezio Peri 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(8):975-981
Chemical footprints left behind by true bugs are perceived as contact kairomones by scelionid egg parasitoids. Female wasps
encountering a contaminated artificial substrate display a characteristic arrestment posture, holding the body motionless
and antennating the surface. In the system Nezara viridula (L.) and its egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston), previous studies have shown that the kairomone mediating such behavior is part of N. viridula’s cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) and furthermore that the wasp’s ability to discriminate host male and female footprints is mainly
based on the presence/absence of nonadecane (nC19). In this study, the effect of epicuticular waxes of leaves of broad bean, Vicia faba, on wasp responses to footprints of N. viridula females were investigated. Approximately 20% of T. basalis females displayed an arrestment posture when released on the adaxial leaf surfaces of broad bean plants with intact wax layer
and without host chemical contamination; whereas ∼70% of wasps displayed the arrestment posture when intact leaves were contaminated
by host female footprints. Adaxial leaf surfaces of broad bean plants dewaxed with an aqueous solution of gum arabic and afterwards
contaminated by N. viridula females induced arrestment responses in about 10% of female wasps; the same percentage of arrestment (10%) was observed when
the wasps were released on leaves contaminated by host females and subsequently dewaxed. The side of the polymer film that
was appressed to the leaf surface, peeled from the contaminated leaves, induced an arrestment posture in about 95% of observed
wasps. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the epicuticular waxes occurred as a film densely crystallized as
irregularly shaped platelets with spherical granules randomly distributed. These findings demonstrated that epicuticular waxes
of broad bean leaves can mediate the foraging behavior of T. basalis females by absorbing contact kairomones of the host. 相似文献
134.
Laerte I. Sznelwar Fausto L. Mascia Mauro Zilbovicius Glauco Arbix 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):291-301
AbstractThe discussion developed in this paper is based on the results of an ergonomic work analysis carried out with attendants at call centers. Some critical issues and difficulties, like working pace, inadequate tools and workstations, and software inadequacies were detected in working situations. Operator-customer interactions are presented, attempting to put in evidence working constraints, working conditions, and their connection with health problems.The main conclusion is that serving clients, especially when the job is to provide information, is not a simple task, as information is not always available in the computerized system and is completely fragmented. The scope of workers’ actions is very restricted and complicated and recurrent requests are redirected to others. Workers (individually or as groups) have limited possibilities to make adjustments to be able to give more adequate and personalized treatment to clients and, at the same time, to work in a less stressful environment. In periods of increased workload and work intensification, the situation is very much favorable to the incidence of health disorders, such as work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) and others. Some suggestions to improve the work situation are discussed. 相似文献
135.
Bastiancich Leone Lasagna Manuela Mancini Susanna Falco Mauro De Luca Domenico Antonio 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1971-1994
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - In the context of global climate change, understanding the relationships between climate and groundwater is increasingly important. This study in the NW Alps... 相似文献
136.
D’Amico Sebastiano Comite Valeria Paladini Giuseppe Ricca Michela Colica Emanuele Galone Luciano Guido Sante Mantella Giuseppe Crupi Vincenza Majolino Domenico Fermo Paola La Russa Mauro Francesco Randazzo Luciana Venuti Valentina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29478-29497
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a multimethodological analysis involving optical and physical/chemical diagnostic techniques and 3D photogrammetric survey was... 相似文献
137.
Fermo Paola Comite Valeria La Russa Mauro Francesco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29382-29384
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献