低溶氧 A／O 磁生化法污水处理新工艺中试研究

采用改良型的A2／O工艺试验装置进行试验,在水力停留时间为12 h、溶解氧浓度为0．5～0．8 mg／L的条件下,考察了投加改性的磁性药剂前后进、出水各污染物的变化情况。结果表明,投加改性的磁性药剂前后, COD、NH 3－N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为68％与81％、55％与80％、51％与69％、44％与70％,较投加改性的磁性药剂前,去除率分别提高了19％、45％、35％、59％。中试结果证明,该改性的磁性药剂可以提高反应池对上述污染物的去除效果,应用前景较好。     

钱塘江典型支流东阳江流域环境综合治理措施研究

东阳江是钱塘江源头之一,近年来,人口的增长、工业经济的发展以及城市化进程的加快,导致东阳江以及下游钱塘江的环境压力日趋严重.本文运用污染指数法对东阳江上中下游四个监测断面进行水质综合评价,并分析水环境问题的成因,从城镇生活污水治理、农村生活污水治理、河道综合整治与保护、环境监管提升四个方面提出相应的流域环境保护综合治理措施,以期为东阳江流域环境治理提供一定的科学支撑,以进一步减轻钱塘江环境压力.     

浙江省海洋水质浮标在线监测系统构建及应用

本文重点介绍了浙江省海洋水质浮标在线监测系统的构建及初步应用。系统构建包括浮标系统、监控平台、信息管理系统和运行管理四部分。浮标系统整体运行基本稳定;浮标系统的运行情况表明采用海洋水质监测浮标对海洋环境开展实时在线监测是可行的;浮标监测数据已初步应用于滨海旅游区环境状况速报和赤潮短期预警报,并取得了阶段性成果。文章最后对传感器技术研究、浮标数据的质量控制和数据应用研究等做了展望。     

可见光催化剂Ag_3PO_4/海泡石的制备及降解染料废水性能

以沉淀法、离子交换法和原位法制备了Ag_3PO_4/海泡石复合光催化剂,采用XRD、FTIR、UV-Vis-DRS对其结构进行了表征,以可见光驱动催化降解日落黄染料为探针反应,考察了制备方法对催化剂光催化性能的影响。结果表明:Ag_3PO_4与海泡石成功复合并产生了协同作用,催化剂中Ag_3PO_4均为立方晶型,部分Ag_3PO_4进入了海泡石层间,改变了其晶面有序性并拓宽了层间距,海泡石对Ag_3PO_4的复合提高了Ag_3PO_4的稳定性和光催化活性;其中,离子交换法制备的光催化剂中Ag_3PO_4与海泡石的复合程度最高,Ag_3PO_4稳定性最强,光催化活性最好,在可见光驱动下,该催化剂对50 mg/L的日落黄降解率可达97.16%,并且对其他3种50 mg/L的染料废水的降解率也在86%以上,此外,该催化剂再生2次后仍保持良好的活性和稳定性。     

跨省流域生态补偿机制的创新——基于区域治理的视角

在传统行政区行政理念的主导下,流域政府皆以追求本地利益最大化为基本目标,甚少关注甚至漠视流域公共利益,流域政府间利益冲突严重,因此,难以对跨省流域生态补偿达成一致意见.跨省流域生态补偿的实施有赖于政府行政管理理念向区域治理理念的转变和相应的机制创新,包括建立流域政府间的民主协商机制、多元主体联合供给机制和中央对流域政府的选择性激励机制.     

Plutonium partitioning in three-phase systems with water,granite grains,and different colloids

Low-solubility contaminants with high affinity for colloid surfaces may form colloid-associated species. The mobile characteristics of this species are, however, ignored by the traditional sorption/distribution experiments in which colloidal species contributed to the immobile fraction of the contaminants retained on the solids as a result of centrifugation or ultrafiltration procedures. The mobility of the contaminants in subsurface environments might be underestimated accordingly. Our results show that colloidal species of ²³⁹Pu in three-phase systems remained the highest percentages in comparison to both the dissolved species and the immobile species retained on the granite grains (solid phase), although the relative fraction of these three species depended on the colloid types. The real solid/liquid distribution coefficients (K _s/d) experimentally determined were generally smaller than the traditional K _s/d (i.e., the K _s+c/d in this study) by ~1,000 mL/g for the three-phase systems with the mineral colloids (granite particle, soil colloid, or kaolinite colloid). For the humic acid system, the traditional K _s/d was 140 mL/g, whereas the real K _s/d was approximately zero. The deviations from the real solid/liquid K _s/d were caused by the artificially increased immobile fraction of Pu. One has to be cautious in using K _s/d-based transport models to predict the fate and transport of Pu in the environment.     

环境监测机构直管条件下成立区域性监测中心的必要性研究

监测机构垂直管理可以避免地方行政干扰,更好地发挥环境监测机构的应有作用,而成立区域性环境监测中心是监测机构垂直管理后的一种管理方式,也是一种创新模式。区域性环境监测中心必须满足一定的条件,通过区域性环境监测中心的设置条件,对设置区域性环境监测中心的必要性进行了分析。通过设置区域性监测中心,可以较好地提高监测机构的工作效能、提升仪器设备利用率和监测技术人员水平,及时掌握环境质量变化趋势、监管污染物排放、缩短应急反应时间,充分发挥监测机构垂直管理后的作用。     

Game theory approach to the analysis of inter-plant water integration in an eco-industrial park

Industrial water conservation is an important adaptation to the effects of climate change. In addition to water conservation within individual plants, wastewater can be reused/recycled among different companies through inter-plant water integration (IPWI) schemes. Such schemes are based on the concept of industrial ecology and industrial symbiosis, and can be used to achieve greater water savings than when water conservation is implemented in individual companies separately. However, in IPWI, each participating company seeks to maximise its own benefits. In the absence of centralised authority dictating the terms of water integration schemes, conventional modelling techniques are not appropriate. This paper shows how a game theory-based approach can be used to analyse the interaction of participating companies in an eco-industrial park seeking to develop an IPWI scheme.     

Influence of visual clutter on the effect of navigated safety inspection: a case study on elevator installation

Introduction. Navigated safety inspection based on task-specific checklists can increase the hazard detection rate, theoretically with interference from scene complexity. Visual clutter, a proxy of scene complexity, can theoretically impair visual search performance, but its impact on the effect of safety inspection performance remains to be explored for the optimization of navigated inspection. This research aims to explore whether the relationship between working memory and hazard detection rate is moderated by visual clutter. Methods. Based on a perceptive model of hazard detection, we: (a) developed a mathematical influence model for construction hazard detection; (b) designed an experiment to observe the performance of hazard detection rate with adjusted working memory under different levels of visual clutter, while using an eye-tracking device to observe participants’ visual search processes; (c) utilized logistic regression to analyze the developed model under various visual clutter. Conclusion. The effect of a strengthened working memory on the detection rate through increased search efficiency is more apparent in high visual clutter. This study confirms the role of visual clutter in construction-navigated inspections, thus serving as a foundation for the optimization of inspection planning.     

Study on microstructure and extinction characteristics of particulate matter in diesel engine fueled with different biodiesels

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biodiesel combustion particulate matter (PM) is different from diesel combustion PM in terms of microscopic morphology, which directly affects the...