油田企业安全文化建设亟需解决的几个问题及对策

油田企业生产工作具有点多、线长、面广、庞杂、易燃易爆、有毒有害、高温高压、连续作业等特点,安全生产管理难度相当大,若稍有不慎,就会酿成大的事故.因此,避免或减少重大事故的发生是油田企业安全文化建设的重要目标.20世纪90年代,随着HSE管理体系引入中国,国内油田企业相继建立了HSE管理制度,并把HSE安全管理体系作为企业安全文化建设的主要载体.但油田企业安全文化建设仍存在误区,完全文化建设体系亟需进一步完善.     

Effects of metsulfuron-methyl on the microbial population and enzyme activities in wheat rhizosphere soil

The effects of metsulfuron-methyl, a sulfonylurea herbicide, on the wheat soil microorganisms were evaluated by the methods of microbial inoculation culture, and the activities of three enzymes were measured using the colorimetric method. The tolerant microorganisms that can resist 500 microg x g(-1) metsulfuron-methyl in the counting culture medium were studied specially. Metsulfuron-methyl distinctly inhibited the common aerobic heterotriphic bacteria, but the effects on common fungi and common actinomycete were not evident. In the meantime, the number of tolerant fungi increased greatly in the rhizosphere after the application of metsulfuron-methyl in contrast to the significant decrease of the amount of tolerant actinomycete. It indicates that fungi might turn into the dominant microbial type and actinomycete is the sensitive factor in the soil polluted by sulfonylurea residues. The population of aromatic compounds-decomposing bacteria, aerobic azotobacter, and nitrite bacteria all increased in the earlier period, but the aerobic azotobacter decreased rapidly in number 30 days later, and the amount of nitrite bacteria also showed a temporary decrease with time 15 days later. However, the denitrifying bacteria just began to increase significantly after the crops had grown for 50 days. The amount of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria gradually decreased with the growth of crops, and so were the sulfate-reducing bacteria after metsulfuron-methyl application. To all types of microorganisms, there were more microbes in rhizosphere samples than those in nonrhizosphere except aerobic azotobacter. It means the growth of wheat root system can stimulate the growth of most microorganisms. The activities of hydrogen peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in soil samples after metsulfuron-methyl application were notably lower than those in the control, and the difference of the activities between the samples of rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere was evident. On the contrary, the activity of dehydrogenase was not inhibited by the application of metsulfuron-methyl, and the rhizosphere effect was not obvious either.     

Air-substrate mercury exchange associated with landfill disposal of coal combustion products

Previous laboratory studies have shown that lignite-derived fly ash emitted mercury (Hg) to the atmosphere, whereas bituminous- and subbituminous-derived fly ash samples adsorbed Hg from the air. In addition, wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) materials were found to have higher Hg emission rates than fly ash. This study investigated in situ Hg emissions at a blended bituminous-subbituminous ash landfill in the Great Lakes area and a lignite-derived ash and FGD solids landfill in the Midwestern United States using a dynamic field chamber. Fly ash and saturated FGD materials emitted Hg to atmosphere at low rates (-0.1 to 1.2 ng/ m2hr), whereas FGD material mixed with fly ash and pyrite exhibited higher emission rates (approximately 10 ng/m2hr) but were still comparable with natural background soils (-0.3 to 13 ng/ m2hr). Air temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity were important factors correlated with measured Hg fluxes. Field study results were not consistent with corresponding laboratory observations in that fluxes measured in the latter were higher and more variable. This is hypothesized to be partially an artifact of the flux measurement methods.     

浅谈环境监测数据的审核

阐述了环境监测数据审核程序与内容,对监测数据的审核方法进行了综述。     

浅析震灾危机状态下的获胜心理

对震灾危机状态下的获胜心理进行了分析与研究。提出了灾时心理获胜的三个步骤，探讨了如何优化自身心理素质树立获胜心理．     

安全投资技术经济分析的研究

在分析安全投资项目特殊性的基础上，提出了较为完整的安全投资技术经济分析方法，为企业进行安全投资决策提供了充分的依据。     

铁路行车安全与司机生理和心理素质关系的研究

从确保铁路行车安全的角度，结合铁路机车乘务工作的职业特点和要求，分析了影响铁路行车安全的诸多因素中最为重要的人的因素在安全驾驶中的作用，以及作为能够胜任我国铁路机车驾驶工作要求的合格司机应具备的生理、心理因素；论文采用国际先进的分析技术和分析软件（ＳＡＳ），对抽取的１２７８ 名现役铁路司机的８８ 个测试因子数据进行了全面综合的统计分析，得出有关司机的心理和生理特征以及与行车安全的内在关系，为提高铁路司机的整体素质及铁路行车安全可靠性提供了科学的依据     

磨料浆液除锈机理的研究

本文将冲蚀机理引入金属除锈工艺。通过分析冲蚀的单元作用机理、冲击过程中能量平衡及影响冲蚀的诸因素，阐明了金属除锈的机理。利用刚性粒子冲击塑性材料的模型推导出了除锈效率较高的最佳射流入射角。在钢板除锈应用过程中先以９０°入射角冲击钢板，使钢板上的脆性表层很快形成赫兹裂纹，并且容易脱落，再以１６．４８°的入射角冲蚀钢板，效果理想。     

应用浮游植物对扎龙自然保护区水质的初步评价

通过对扎龙自然保护区水体中浮游植物调查及运用几种评价公式分析,评价结论为:扎龙水体浮游植物由8门60个属组成,数量在19 515×10~2～23 755×10~3个/升之间;水质属中污染型,同一年度污染情况为:8月>6月,北区>南区。     

转换因数及其在环境监测计算中的应用

本文论述了转换因数的概念及其在环境监测中的应用。阐明转换因数应用中使计算简明化、简单化;数据合理化、实际化。