乌头种质资源形态学多态性研究初报

收集乌头种质资源,经种属鉴定,均来源于毛莨科植物乌头（Aconitum camichaeli Debx．）,以南瓜叶、鹅掌叶、艾叶等3种变异类型为主。观察了全生育期间哥形态学特征,证实乌头种质资源的形态学多态性,其中南瓜叶乌头长势壮、叶面积大、叶片肥厚、茎粗、须根发达、子根数目多、形状规则、子根大,表现出良好的丰产性,可作为附子栽培的重点推广品种。这些形态学指标可直接用于3种乌头资源的早期鉴定,对附子种质资源评价和良种选育具有重要意义。     

The early warning of aquatic organophosphorus pesticide contamination by on-line monitoring behavioral changes of Daphnia magna

In this paper, the movement behavior of Daphnia magna was studied as a bio-indicator of organophosphorous pesticide (OP) contamination, using an on-line bio-monitoring method, the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor. A static test of acute toxicity test revealed the 24-h and 48-h LC(50) values (95% confidence limit) for Daphnia magna to be respectively 0.45 microg/l and 0.21 microg/l for dipterex 3.80 microg/l and 0.90 microg/l for malathion, and 1.25 microg/l and 0.38 microg/l for parathion. The behavior strength of Daphnia magna was a sensitive indicator of sublethal OP stress and resulted in significant concentration-response relationships for the three OPs. Increasing OP concentration will result in more intensive behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and shorter response time, which could be described by the Stepwise Stress Model (SSM). Therefore movement behavior can be effectively applied in early warning of environment quality by on-line bio-monitoring. The intensive changes in behavior strength of Daphnia magna over a short time follow the SSM concept and can be used as an indicator of early stress response to OP accidental contamination.     

氟污染土壤中有效态氟提取剂的选择

通过对1.00mol/L NH4Cl、0.02mol/L NH4Cl、0.01mol/L CaCl2和H2O四种提取剂对污染土壤中元素氟的提取能力的分析比较,以及土壤性质与提取量的相关分析,确定了1.00mol/LNH4Cl为提取污染土壤中有效态氟最适宜的提取剂,为测定污染土壤中有效态氟含量,科学、合理评价氟的生态效应提供参考。     

Field and Genetic Survey of the Endangered Butte County Meadowfoam—Limnanthes floccosa subsp. californica (Limnanthaceae)

The Butte County meadowfoam ( Limnanthes floccosa subsp, californica ), an endangered annual endemic to vernal pools in Butte County, California, is of agronomic interest as a sperm whale oil substitute. Because it is threatened by rapid development of the community of Chico, a field and genetic survey was required to guide a conservation program. Eight new populations were discovered, bringing the total known to eleven. Population sizes varied from 220 to 45,689 plants; mean seed set per flower, a bioassay of site quality, ranged from 0.82 to 2.56 among populations. The array of associated taxa, an indicator of appropriate habitat was fairly uniform across populations. Based on allozyme and morphometric data no introgression between L. floccosa subsp, californica and L. alba subsp, alba at sympatric sites was found. Populations were remarkably monomorphic, probably due to past population bottlenecks in conjunction with high selfing rates. Electrophoretic analysis of 28 isozyme loci revealed that 96% of total genetic diversity was distributed among populations. The migration rate, Nm , calculated from the mean frequency of private alleles, ( P (1)), and from the proportion of genetic variation distributed between populations, Gst , estimated exchange between local populations of one diploid individual every 50 to 100 generations, respectively. Mean genetic identity among populations was 0.91 ± 0.068. Grouping of populations on the basis of genetic distance identified two distinct populations and three clusters of populations that deserve high priority for preservation because they are likely to have high frequencies of locally adapted alleles. The low migration rates and substantial differentiation among populations suggest a conservation plan that emphasizes preservation of as many populations as possible, at possible expense of numbers of individuals.     

中国资源型城市经济转型问题与战略探索

资源型城市经济性转型正面临着重大的经济、社会和资源环境问题：①城市产业结构属于资源型、粗放型的传统初级产业结构。技术水平与效益低下；②就业和社会保障压力巨大；③资源濒临枯竭。环境污染和生态问题严重；④机制体制问题突出。创新能力不足。资源型城市的经济成功转型需要战略创新。具体战略包括：发展目标创新——社会福利均等化、经济持续发展、生态环境整治与社会经济协调发展的三大效益目标；循环经济发展战略一多元化产业结构优化。构建生态产业体系。转变传统增长方式；资源替代与产业替代战略；科技创新战略——依靠高新技术的后发优势战略；生态城市战略；机制体制创新战略等。     

佛山市南海区大气环境质量变化分析与控制研究

文章以佛山市南海区1993-2006年的大气环境监测数据为依据,结合本区社会经济发展状况及环保建设举措,系统地分析了南海区大气环境质量变化趋势及成因,结果表明:南海区大气质量总体呈现逐渐好转趋势,但酸雨仍未得到有效控制,这主要是由本区的社会经济发展和能源消费特征决定.文章还总结了区政府近年来为改善南海区大气环境质量而采取的措施和取得的成绩,为进一步加强大气污染治理,推进广东珠江三角洲环保模范城市建设提供参考.     

工业土地利用与行业结构调整研究--基于昆山1400多家工业企业有效问卷的调查

以昆山市工业企业用地利用调查数据为依据。分析了现有昆山工业行业产业结构现状,并选取了6个相应的评价指标一在1414份问卷基础上,应用统计分析法,对所调查的工业内部不同17行业企业用地土地利用程度进行定量化评价。根据定量化评价结果并结合昆山市实际情况和有关的行业发展目标提出了产业调整和提高土地集约利用程度的途径与措施。     

退耕还林与贫困地区粮食安全的实证分析--以宁夏回族自治区为例

本文以实证分析的方法,以宁夏地区为例,通过研究该地区2003年200户退耕户和100户非退耕户之间。以及二者与1999年实行退耕还林政策前的人均粮食消费量和人均食品支出水平的变化,认为退耕户的粮食安全程度比非退耕户和退耕前的农户有了显著的提高,这种提高与农民的人均收入水平和人均耕地面积呈正相关,而与粮食播种面积比重呈负相关,因而可得得出结论：在生态脆弱地区实行退耕还林政策并不会影响当地农民的粮食安全。     

2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并噻吩在锦鲫不同组织中的生物富集及对肝脏的氧化损伤

研究了含硫"类二噁英"化合物多氯代二苯并噻吩(PCDTs)中的2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并噻吩(2,3,7,8-TCDT)在锦鲫(Carassius auratus)不同组织中的生物富集规律和对肝脏的氧化损伤.结果表明,2,3,7,8-TCDT在锦鲫各组织中的富集能力表现为肝脏>鳃>肌肉.2,3,7,8-TCDT在锦鲫...     

酸沉降下韶山森林氮的输入、输出通量变化特征

以韶山蔡家塘森林小流域2001年实地监测的大气降水、穿透水和地表水数据为基础,对酸沉降作用下韶山森林N的输入、输出的月均通量及变化特征进行了研究.结果表明:2001年N输入通量为53.81 kg/hm2,主要以NH₄+ 形式(占总输入的64%)输入该森林生态系统;2001年N输出通量为3.57 kg/hm2,主要以NO₃-形式(占总输出的64%)输出该森林生态系统.韶山森林2001年N净滞留量达到50.24 kg/hm2.月均输出通量极大值出现在降雨量较多的5-7月,其N输出通量占全年N总输出通量的59%.从N的总输入通量、总输出通量的变化来看,N输出并不随输入的增加而增加,N的输出主要受到降水量的影响.