原子荧光光谱法测定环境水样中的锡

AFS-9700双道原子荧光光度计测定环境水样中的锡,选择最佳的仪器条件:负高压300V,原子化器高度8mm,灯电流80mA,载气流量400ml/min,屏蔽气流量900ml/min。在最佳酸碱比例-体积分数为4.0%的硝酸介质与20g/L硼氢化钾中,锡荧光强度与其质量浓度在1.00~10.0ug/L成线性关系,方法检出限为0.010ug/L,加标回收率为94.4%~105%,RSD(n=7)<2.3%。此方法更为简便,快速,灵敏度高,适用于环境水样中锡的测定。     

Preliminary study of groundwater denitrification using a composite membrane bioreactor

A composite membrane bioreactor (CMBR) integrating the immobilized cell technique and the membrane separation technology was developed for groundwater denitrification. The CMBR had two well mixed compartments with one filled with the nitrate-containing influent and the other with a dilute ethanol solution; the compartments were separated by the composite membrane consisting of a microporous membrane facing the influent and an immobilized cell membrane facing the ethanol solution. Nitrate and ethanol molecules diffused from the respective compartments into the immobilized cell membrane where nitrate was reduced to gaseous nitrogen by the denitrifying bacteria present there with ethanol as the carbon source. The microporous membrane was attached to one side of the immobilized cell membrane for retention of the disaggregated bacteria. Relative to the single dose of external ethanol, the two-dose supplementation produced better treatment results as evidenced by the lower concentrations of NO₃⁻-N and ethanol (as measured by total organic carbon) of the effluent. The batch treatment in CMBR removed most of the nitrate in the influent and attained a stable denitrification rate of 0.1 g·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for most of the 96-h cycles during the 30-cycle study. The effluent was essentially free of ethanol and nitrite nitrogen.     

Assessment of source water contamination by estrogenic disrupting compounds in China

Detection of estrogenic disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking waters around China has led to rising concerns about health risks associated with these compounds. There is, however, a paucity of studies on the occurrence and identification of the main compounds responsible for this pollution in the source waters. To fill this void, we screened estrogenic activities of 23 source water samples from six main river systems in China, using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay. All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity, with E2 equivalents (EEQ) of raw water ranging from 0.08 to 2.40 ng/L. Additionally, 16 samples were selected for chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The EDCs of most concern, including estrone (E1), 17βup-estradiol (E2), 17αup-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES), estradiol valerate (EV), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-nonylphenols (4-NP) and bisphenol A (BPA), were determined at concentrations of up to 2.98, 1.07, 2.67, 4.37, 2.52, 1.96, 89.52, 280.19 and 710.65 ng/L, respectively. Causality analysis, involving comparison of EEQ values from yeast assay and chemical analysis identified E2, EE2 and 4-NP as the main responsible compounds, accounting for the whole estrogenic activities (39.74% to 96.68%). The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and yeast assay could be used for the identification and evaluation of EDCs in source waters of China.     

基于BP神经网络的义水河水环境质量评价研究

水质质量涉及多个影响因子,因子间大多具有非线性相关性,因此,水质评价是一个具有多因子的非线性系统。人工神经网络具有非线性映射的特点,能够有效地处理非线性相关问题,将其应用于水质评价中能够获得更为准确的信息。文章以溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、石油类等6个指标作为评价因子,通过构造BP网络模型对义水河水质进行评价,分析了义水河4个断面的水质状况,并与单因子评价法结果进行了比较分析。     

人工快渗技术在我国农村地区水污染治理中的应用研究

概述了我国农村地区水污染现状、排放特征、主要处理工艺及其优缺点,在对人工快渗系统工艺原理和污染物去除机理深入分析的基础上,总结归纳了人工快渗工艺的技术经济优势,并结合技术的工艺改进和完善,探讨了人工快渗技术的适用性。然后结合深圳市白花洞村、四川省绵阳市北川县及北京昌平区农村工程实践,分析了人工快渗技术在村级分散型污水处理工程中的实际运行效果。理论研究和工程实践均表明:人工快渗技术及其改进工艺组合系统具有工艺简单、建设运行成本低、污染物去除效率高、出水效果好等特点,可有效地解决目前农村地区因受到资金、技术、人才等因素限制造成的污水处理能力低的问题,是一项十分适合我国农村地区的污水处理技术。     

Prenatal air pollution exposure increases the risk of macrosomia: evidence from a prospective cohort study in the coastal area of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Effects of prenatal ambient air pollution exposure could increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, which have been well documented by various...     

中国海洋经济发展质量研究

海洋作为重要的战略要地,推动其高质量发展对于海洋强国建设意义重大。基于2006—2017年沿海11省（市、自治区）数据,采用集对分析、核密度估计模型、标准差椭圆以及GMM模型对中国海洋经济发展质量进行测度,并对其时空演化特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）总体来看,时间上,2006—2017年海洋经济发展质量呈上升趋势;空间上,分为高、中、低三类不同发展水平;全国海洋经济发展呈东北—西南格局,且重心一直位于长三角地区;三大海洋经济圈发展质量地区差异显著,整体呈北部、东部、南部三级格局分布。（2）分维度来看,时间上,样本期间内各个维度都取得不同程度的提升,均为海洋经济高质量发展不可或缺的部分;空间上,五个维度均呈向好发展趋势,各维度高、中、低水平的省（市、自治区）各不相同,差异显著。（3）影响因素上,海洋区位优势、城镇化水平、市场化水平、产业结构水平、陆域经济水平对高质量背景下海洋经济发展质量产生正向促进作用,而海洋资源利用度、环境规制强度对海洋经济发展质量产生负向抑制作用,各影响因素在不同的海洋经济圈中作用效果不同。     

数字图像技术结合小岛法在煤分形特征中的应用*

为探究煤的孔裂隙结构分形特征,以贵州富煤区4个煤层的煤样为研究对象,基于扫描电镜和低温液氮实验综合表征煤样的孔裂隙发育程度及连通性,应用Photoshop,Image-Pro-Plus图像处理技术对煤的SEM图像进行二值化处理及主要参数提取;结合小岛法计算煤样的孔裂隙分形维数值,并与扫描电镜、低温液氮实验分析结果进行对比。结果表明:经扫描电镜和低温液氮实验发现,4个煤层的孔裂隙连通性优先顺序依次为六盘水煤田3#煤层＞黔北煤田9#煤层＞黔北煤田8#煤层＞织纳煤田8#煤层;借助图像处理技术并结合小岛法对实验煤样的孔裂隙分形维数进行计算,各实验煤层分形维数由小到大依次为六盘水煤田3#煤层<黔北煤田9#煤层<黔北煤田8#煤层<织纳煤田8#煤层,该分形维数排序所反馈的煤样孔裂隙发育程度及连通性信息与前述2个实验结果相互印证,表明数字图像技术与小岛法分形相结合能真实、准确地反映煤的分形特征。     

地累积指数法评价多金属环境质量的方法优化探索:以农业发达地区为例

准确合理的土壤污染评价方法是进行区域性土壤污染评价的前提.将三角模糊数引入地质累积指数法,结合α-截集技术以及Latin Hypercube抽样(LHS)随机模拟方法对研究区重金属含量差异较大的5种不同土壤类型(潮土、风沙土、黄绵土、褐土和新积土)分别进行土壤重金属(Cd、Hg、As、Pb和Cr)累积性评价,能够避免因...     

废乳化液化学治理技术研究现状

废乳化液化学治理技术主要有:Fenton氧化、混凝、电解、催化湿式氧化等。化学治理技术由于反应速度快、处理效果好而成为目前主要的化学破乳技术,但是较高的成本和控制参数的复杂性使得其应用受到一定的限制。今后废乳化液化学治理研究重点应该是降低治理成本、简化操作流程,并解决产生二次污染的问题。