不同土地利用方式下北京城区土壤的重金属累积特征

对不同土地利用方式下城市土壤的采样调查表明,北京市城市土壤Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量显著高于其相应的土壤背景值,As、Ni与背景值无显著差异.在工业、住宅、商贸、交通边缘带(道路)、公园、城市广场和校园7种土地利用方式下,工业区土壤Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量均居首位,且Cu、Pb和Zn含量达到污染等级;公园土壤的As水平最高,但仍处于清洁水平.As、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn综合累积程度由高到低的顺序为工业区公园商贸区≈校园住宅区≈城市广场交通边缘带.工业区土壤总体表现为重金属轻度污染;公园、商贸区、校园和住宅区土壤重金属处于尚清洁水平;城市广场和交通边缘带土壤重金属处于清洁水平.不同土地利用方式对城市土壤的重金属含量有一定影响.     

模糊数学法在大型炼化一体化项目清洁生产评价中的应用

目前炼化一体化项目尚无相应的清洁生产标准。采用模糊数学评价法对某1 000万吨/年炼油、100万吨/乙烯一体化项目进行了清洁生产评价,评价结果表明该项目属于国内先进水平,但仍可以在降低原料含硫量,降低能耗等方面入手提高清洁生产水平。模糊数学评价法全面地评价影响项目清洁水平的所有因素,能将比较复杂、不够确定的多因素问题转化为有数字依据的简单易行的评价模式,为炼化一体化项目清洁生产的定量考核和指标化管理提供了一个科学的评价方法。     

发展清洁化学 保护生态环境

传统的化学工业在为人类社会发展提供强大物质基础的同时,由于工艺和原料的原因,也不可避免带来了严重的环境污染问题,对生态环境构成严重威胁。清洁化学的出现,为我们解决环境污染问题带来了新的希望。     

南京市土地利用遥感监测与评价

以2006年和2007年TM遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS技术,对南京市的土地利用动态变化进行了监测,结果表明,从2006～2007年,南京市耕地减少6723.72hm2,林地减少975.46hm2,而水域增加了1663.26hm2,建设用地增加了5191.11hm2,草地增加758.78hm2,未利用地增加了86.03hm2。与2006年相比南京市生态环境质量指数略有下降。     

流体化床Fenton深度处理合成制药废水研究

采用流体化床Fenton装置深度处理合成制药废水,通过正交试验确定了处理合成制药废水的最佳条件是HRT为20min,初始pH值为4.0,H2O2/CODcr（质量比）为4.0,H2O2/Fe2＋（摩尔比）为15,且在最佳条件下出水CODcr稳定在80mg/L以下,可以达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8979-1996）一级标准。同时将其与标准Fenton氧化法进行对比试验,结果显示流体化床FentonCODcr去除率可提高13%以上,污泥产生量可降低70%,运行成本可减低28%,稳定运行成本可以控制在3.0元/吨废水以内。     

固定化菌剂处理含油废水的试验研究

探讨了固定化菌剂的接种量、曝气强度及温度等因素对废水中CODer去除率的影响.试验结果表明:在采用适当的曝气方式和曝气强度下,温度为30℃时,采用10％的固定化颗粒接种量,4种固定化产品对含油废水中CODer降解均有较好的效果.     

In vitro thyroid disrupting e ects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the e uents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal e ciencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated e ects in di erent treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 10??8 to 6.19 10??7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 10??8 to 8.75 10??8 mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP, and 4.80 10??9 to 2.55 10??8 mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse e ects on the exposed organisms.     

In vitro thyroid disrupting effects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated effects in different treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 × 10-8 to 6.19 × 10-7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 × 10-s to 8.75 x 10-s mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP,and 4.80 × 10-9 to 2.55 × 10-s mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse effects on the exposed organisms.     

用后柴油机尾气催化剂氨浸处理研究

以用后柴油机尾气催化剂体系V2O5-MoO3/TiO2为研究对象,采用氨浸的方法,在V和Mo有效提取的同时,制备得到TiO2光催化材料,研究氨浸处理前后样品的化学成分、晶体结构以及微观形貌对其光催化性能的影响.结果表明:氨浸处理后的滤渣主要是锐钛矿型TiO2,具有较好的光催化效果,其在光催化降解罗丹明B溶液120 min后,光催化降解率可达86.6％,可以作为光催化材料使用;光降解后的溶液中溶出的V离子含量在国家标准要求范围之内,不会对水体造成污染,从而基本实现了用后柴油机尾气催化剂综合利用的目的.     

苯并噻唑类污染物对青海弧菌Q67毒性效应

以青海弧菌Q67为指示生物,结合96微孔板高通量检测技术,测定了10种环境中常见苯并噻唑类污染物对发光菌的毒性效应。结果表明,10种苯并噻唑化合物均对发光菌具有毒性效应,其EC50在1.17×10-6~5.43×10-3mol·L-1之间。对其进行毒性效应排序,发现巯基取代氨基2羟苯基羧酸乙酯溴氟甲基氯甲硫基苯并噻唑。利用结构化学描述符和偏最小二乘法,构建了苯并噻唑类化合物对Q67发光菌毒性的定量构效关系模型(QSAR),结果发现,氢键供体数量(ND)和极性溶剂可及分子表面积(PSASA)对其毒性具有重要意义。本研究为苯并噻唑类污染物毒性效应评价及其环境风险评价提供了参考。