酸雨胁迫对木荷叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了3种不同pH值（2.5、4.0、5.6）的模拟酸雨溶液对2年生木荷（Schima superba）幼苗叶片气体交换和荧光参数的影响。结果表明：在不同酸雨处理下,净光合速率和气孔导度日变化均呈＂双峰＂型,最大净光合速率和最高表观量子效率（AQE）变化趋势依次是pH4.0〉pH5.6〉pH2.5,说明pH4.0处理对木荷光合作用有促进作用;在不同酸雨处理下,PSⅡ原初光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）和相对叶绿素含量均呈现出pH4.0〉pH5.6〉pH2.5的变化趋势,pH4.0酸雨处理下表现出最高值,说明适度降低酸雨pH值（pH4.0）并不会对木荷的光合系统活性造成损伤,反而有促进作用,表明木荷对酸雨有较强的适应能力。     

Observation of black carbon aerosol in Beijing,2003

The objective of this study was to determine the black carbon concentration in Beijing in 2003. The aerosol properties were measured using an Aethalometer and a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) on the roof of the Physics Building of Peking University (39.99° N, 116.31° E) from July to August 2003 and from November 2003 to January 2004. The average black carbon (BC) concentrations in the summer and winter were 8.80 and 11.4 μg/m³, respectively. During winter, two different cyclone cut offs were installed at the inlet of an aethalometer. The BC mass concentration in TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 were obtained. The results indicated that in winter aerosol, 90% of BC exited in PM₁₀ and 82.6% of BC exited in PM_2.5. The BC in PM₁₀ accounted for 5.11% of the PM₁₀ mass. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(1): 17–22 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

聚铁絮凝处理淀粉废水的试验研究

通过试验研究探讨了淀粉絮凝处理中，影响聚铁絮凝的主要因素，即聚铁用量、搅拌强度、搅拌时间、搅拌方式及沉降时间对絮凝的影响，优选出处理这种废水的最佳絮凝操作条件，并使出水ＣＯＤ值达到排放标准。     

西藏高原土壤-植物系统元素分布特征研究

讨论了西藏高原３６种元素的植物含量水平及其在土壤－植物系统的分而特征、影响因素、利用吸收系数和统计分析的方法，定量描述了植物对土壤不同元素的吸收、富集能力，研究结果表明，在西藏高原的土壤－植物系统中，亲硫元素和碱金属、碱土金属元素的生物地球化学行为较亲铁元素活跃，植物元素的类型划分和元素的地球化学行为密切相关。     

逆温对吴淞工业区大气质量影响个例分析

以吴淞工业区冬夏二次大气质量监测数据和同时期龙华观象台的探空资料为依据,详细地描述了逆温对大气污染物(SO_2和NO_x)时空变化的影响,并阐述了形成这样的空间分布的污染源排放特点和主要贡献源。为环境管理和规划的实施,提供了科学依据。     

Photosynthesis and biochemical responses to elevated O3 in Plantago major and Sonchus oleraceus growing in a lowland habitat of northern China

A field experiment was carried out to compare the responses to ozone(O_3) in two common herbaceous plant species, Plantago major L. and Sonchus oleraceus L., by building open-top growth chambers in situ to simulate O_3stress(+ O_3, 85 ± 5 ppb, 9 hr/day for 30 days) in a lowland habitat in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Responses to O_3 of gas exchange,chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf pigment content, antioxidant capability, soluble protein content, membrane lipid peroxidation and dark respiration(R_d) were analyzed. Results showed that elevated O_3 exposure significantly reduced the light-saturated net photosynthesis(P_(Nsat)), stomatal conductance(g_s) and transpiration rate(E) in both species. Although non-significant interactive effect between species and O_3 on P_(Nsat) was analyzed, the reduction in P_(Nsat) in S. oleraceus might be due primarily to the higher fraction of close PSII reaction centers and impaired activities of plant mesophyll cells as evidences by decreased maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry after dark adapted state(F_v/F_m) and unchanged intercellular CO_2concentration(C_i). Besides, biochemical analysis showed that S. oleraceus had lower antioxidant ability compared to P. major. As a result, S. oleraceus was damaged to the larger extent in terms of lipid peroxidation and visible O_3 injury, indicating that S. oleraceus was more sensitive to O_3 than P. major. Our results indicated that wild herbaceous plant species growing in a lowland habitat in sandy grassland were sensitive to O_3 stress and S. oleraceus can be considered as one of the bio-indicators for high O_3 concentration in semi-arid grassland of northern China.     

烟囱直径对除尘系统的影响

分析了风机全压在除尘系统中的分配,以及烟囱直径对管网出口动压损失的影响,得出适当加大烟囱出口管径,降低管网出口气体的速度,可降低系统能耗,为风机烟囱设计和选型提供了参考。     

甘蔗蔗糖合成酶基因的克隆

促使蔗糖进入各种代谢途径的关键酶之一是蔗糖合成酶,它也是蔗糖代谢关键酶中极其重要的一种酶.以甘蔗基因组DNA为模板,用PCR技术分段扩增并克隆了甘蔗蔗糖合成酶(Sucrose synthase)基因片段,并进行序列测序,表明该基因全长约为7.5 kb,与Lingle S.E等报道的甘蔗蔗糖合成酶(SuSy2)基因序列相似性达到99.5%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性达到100%.该序列包含约1.9 kb的上游启动子调控区域, 16个外显子, 15个内含子, 3'不翻译区等,开放读码框(ORF)编码802个氨基酸,氨基酸序列中存在糖代谢关键酶家族保守的14-3-3蛋白磷酸化位点Ser/Thr,为进一步在转录水平上阐明蔗糖合成酶的表达调控机制奠定了基础.     

双酚A分子印迹聚合物的制备及其在水相中的吸附性能

以双酚A (BPA)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,沉淀聚合法制备了BPA的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs).聚合物在BPA超纯水溶液中的吸附实验结果表明,MIPs对BPA的吸附量和吸附速率大于非印迹聚合物.通过Scatchard分析,MIPs对BPA的最大表观吸附...     

羽毛角蛋白海绵膜去除气溶胶简

通过添加一定含量增塑剂和冷冻干燥,将羽毛还原法产生的较少被利用的残渣制备成致密多孔具有一定柔韧性的角蛋白膜,不需预处理和交联剂,得率高。甘油添加量对膜的结构影响进行研究后表明,甘油含量5%时机械性能最佳,断裂强度为6.2 MPa,完整性和柔韧性最好,孔隙率最大,兼顾了较好的透气性和对气溶胶的较高去除率。该膜在18℃ 空气流速1 m/s下对大气气溶胶中PM₁₀去除率98%、PM_2.5去除率 39.28% 、PM_1.0去除率 32.97%,在制备口罩材料上具有一定应用潜力。