自制深井曝气设备处理屠宰废水试验研究

通过自制规模２５Ｌ深井曝光设备屠中宰废水进行处理，试验结果表明，在最佳操作条件下，曝气８ｈ，ＣＯＤ平均去除率可达８２．８３５，ＢＯＤ平均去除率可达８１．０９％，悬浮少平均去除率可达８５．２０％，动植物油平均去除率可达９４．５４％。出水水质可以达到肉类加工不工业水污染物排放标准ＧＢ１３４５７－９２的三组标准。而处理费用经估算仅为０．１５／ｍ＾３，是一种高效低耗处理屠宰废水的较     

镇江市征润州水源地水质自动监测网络的建设及应用研究

2012年2月3日,韩籍货轮苯酚泄漏造成镇江市自来水异味,造成市民的恐慌,严重影响着镇江市市民的正常生活,也引起镇江市市委市政府的高度重视。为了进一步实时动态监控水质变化状况,镇江市在征润州取水口上游新建两个水质自动站并结合原有的征润州水源水水质自动站,形成三点一线的长江沿岸的水质预警监测网络机制。在此着重介绍水源水水质自动监测系统的建设发展和应用,重视自动监测信息建设与数据共享问题,加强监控管理,质控管理体制和运行机制。     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 >DGT_0.78 >DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

Assessment of the sources and transformations of nitrogen in a plain river network region using a stable isotope approach

The great spatial and temporal variability in hydrological conditions and nitrogen(N)processing introduces large uncertainties to the identification of N sources and quantifying N cycles in plain river network regions. By combining isotopic data with chemical and hydrologic measurements, we determined the relative importance of N sources and biogeochemical N processes in the Taige River in the East Plain Region of China. The river was polluted more seriously by anthropogenic inputs in winter than in summer. Manure and urban sewage effluent were the main nitrate(NO-3) sources, with the nitrification of N-containing organic materials serving as another important source of NO-3. In the downstream, with minor variations in hydrological conditions, nitrification played a more important role than assimilation for the decreasing ammonium(NH+4-N) concentrations.The N isotopic enrichment factors(ε) during NH+4utilization ranged from- 13.88‰ in March to- 29.00‰ in July. The ratio of the increase in δ18O and δ15N of river NO-3in the downstream was 1.04 in January and 0.92 in March. This ratio indicated that NO-3assimilation by phytoplankton was responsible for the increasing δ15N and δ18O values of NO-3in winter. The relationships between δ15N of particulate organic nitrogen and isotopic compositions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen indicated that the phytoplankton in the Taige River probably utilized NH+4preferentially and mainly in summer, while in winter, NO-3assimilation by phytoplankton was dominant.     

Effects of surfactants on graphene oxide nanoparticles transport in saturated porous media

Transport behaviors of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) in saturated porous media were examined as a function of the presence and concentration of anionic surfactant (SDBS) and non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) under different ionic strength (IS). The results showed that the GONPs were retained obviously in the sand columns at both IS of 50 and 200 mmol/L, and they were more mobile at lower IS. The presence and concentration of surfactants could enhance the GONP transport, particularly as observed at higher IS. It was interesting to see that the GONP transport was surfactant type dependent, and SDBS was more effective to facilitate GONP transport than Triton X-100 in our experimental conditions. The advection–dispersion–retention numerical modeling followed this trend and depicted the difference quantitatively. Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) interaction calculations also were performed to interpret these effects, indicating that secondary minimum deposition was critical in this study.     

煤矸石在复垦土壤中的利用方式对水稻重金属含量的影响

本文通过以煤矸石为填充材料的复垦土壤上种植水稻的盆栽实验,研究在土壤复垦过程中煤矸石的填充方式和配比浓度对水稻籽粒和秸秆中重金属含量的影响。研究结果表明:在设定的煤矸石配比浓度范围内,水稻籽粒和秸秆中的重金属含量,都随煤矸石配比浓度的增加而增加,其中煤矸石配比浓度为40%时,增幅最大F元素在籽粒中的含量为0.921 mg/kg,是空白的1.12倍;在秸秆中的含量为9.064 mg/kg,是空白的4.19倍;煤矸石的两种填充方式下,水稻籽粒和秸秆中的重金属含量,大多呈现掺混式的大于垫底式的,其中煤矸石配比浓度为10%时,籽粒中差值最大的的F元素,含量相差了0.128 mg/kg,前者是后者的1.29倍;配比浓度为40%时,秸秆中差别最大的As元素,含量相差了0.352 mg/kg,掺混式的高于。垫底式的1.87倍。污染指数评价结果显示:籽粒中的重金属综合污染指数,皆小于1,未受到重金属污染,但在配比浓度为40%时,Hg的单项污染指数大于1,籽粒受到Hg的污染;秸秆的综合污染指数在1到3之间,重金属重污染程度严重,应对产出的秸秆妥善处理,以免对生态环境造成新的污染。     

压力容器声发射信号参数分析方法的探讨

参数分析是声发射技术应用中的重要环节之一,因为它直接关系到能否正确反映被检对象的物理状况。本文集多年检测的经验,提出了参数分析的几种方法以及参数分析中须注意的问题,力求通过参数分析方法来客观、合理地表征检测对象的物理状况。     

加深对当前火灾特点的认识搞好火灾防治

1引言 近年来,我国的火灾形势比较严峻,连续发生了多起特大和重大建筑火灾.尽快采取有效措施,改变这种局面,已经成为党和政府高度重视、人民普遍关心的问题.     

建筑工程施工基坑边坡支护安全--土钉墙支护措施浅谈

本文介绍了土钉支护原理,阐述并分析了其不占地表空间,施工简易,成本较低,能够保持边坡土体稳定,满足结构地下施工安全要求等优点.     

受限空间烟气运动盐水模拟研究的现状和展望

回顾了受限空间火灾烟气运动盐水实验模拟研究的发展历史;介绍了盐水实验模拟的理论基础及其在火灾烟气运动研究领域的应用情况和最新进展;分析和讨论了模拟研究过程中所存在的主要问题及其可能的解决方法。所有这些研究和探索,对于受限空间火灾烟气运动盐水实验模拟研究方法的创新和完善有重要的启发作用。