Glyphosate input modifies microbial community structure in clear and turbid freshwater systems

Since it was commercially introduced in 1974, glyphosate has been one of the most commonly used herbicides in agriculture worldwide, and there is growing concern about its adverse effects on the environment. Assuming that glyphosate may increase the organic turbidity of water bodies, we evaluated the effect of a single application of 2.4?±?0.1 mg l^?1 of glyphosate (technical grade) on freshwater bacterioplankton and phytoplankton (pico, micro, and nanophytoplankton) and on the physical and chemical properties of the water. We used outdoor experimental mesocosms under clear and oligotrophic (phytoplanktonic chlorophyll a?=?2.04 μg l^?1; turbidity?=?2.0 NTU) and organic turbid and eutrophic (phytoplanktonic chlorophyll a?=?50.3 μg l^?1; turbidity?=?16.0 NTU) scenarios. Samplings were conducted at the beginning of the experiment and at 1, 8, 19, and 33 days after glyphosate addition. For both typologies, the herbicide affected the abiotic water properties (with a marked increase in total phosphorus), but it did not affect the structure of micro and nanophytoplankton. In clear waters, glyphosate treatment induced a trend toward higher bacteria and picoeukaryotes abundances, while there was a 2 to 2.5-fold increase in picocyanobacteria number. In turbid waters, without picoeukaryotes at the beginning of the experiment, glyphosate decreased bacteria abundance but increased the number of picocyanobacteria, suggesting a direct favorable effect. Moreover, our results show that the impact of the herbicide was observed in microorganisms from both oligo and eutrophic conditions, indicating that the impact would be independent of the trophic status of the water body.     

Beaver-mediated methane emission: The effects of population growth in Eurasia and the Americas

Globally, greenhouse gas budgets are dominated by natural sources, and aquatic ecosystems are a prominent source of methane (CH₄) to the atmosphere. Beaver (Castor canadensis and Castor fiber) populations have experienced human-driven change, and CH₄ emissions associated with their habitat remain uncertain. This study reports the effect of near extinction and recovery of beavers globally on aquatic CH₄ emissions and habitat. Resurgence of native beaver populations and their introduction in other regions accounts for emission of 0.18–0.80 Tg CH₄ year⁻¹ (year 2000). This flux is approximately 200 times larger than emissions from the same systems (ponds and flowing waters that became ponds) circa 1900. Beaver population recovery was estimated to have led to the creation of 9500–42 000 km² of ponded water, and increased riparian interface length of >200 000 km. Continued range expansion and population growth in South America and Europe could further increase CH₄ emissions.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0575-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

不同水深条件下芦苇湿地对氮磷的去除研究

研究了两种水深条件(2cm浅水位和15cm深水位)下芦苇湿地对模拟太湖水中氮磷的净化能力。结果表明,芦苇的存在明显地促进湿地脱氮除磷能力的发挥。湿地内反硝化过程为主要脱氮途径。芦苇对湿地反硝化过程的促进作用主要是通过提供有机碳源实现的。在相同进水水质和停留时间为24h的运行条件下,浅水位芦苇湿地与深水位芦苇湿地相比对氮磷的去除率更高,但后者对氮磷的去除速度更快。     

Investigation of PM2.5 pollution during COVID-19 pandemic in Guangzhou, China

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness about various environmental issues,including PM_2.5 pollution.Here,PM_2.5 pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown was traced and analyzed to clarify the sources and factors influencing PM_2.5 in Guangzhou,with an emphasis on heavy pollution.The lockdown led to large reductions in industrial and traffic emissions,which significantly reduced PM_2.5 concentrations in Guangzhou.Interestingly,the trend of PM_2.5     

分子印迹硅纳米改性氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其对双酚A的吸附研究

制备了分子印迹硅纳米-氧化石墨烯复合吸附材料,并研究了复合材料对双酚A(Bisphenol A,BPA)的吸附性能.实验结果表明:复合吸附材料对BPA的吸附在35min内达到吸附平衡,Langmuir等温线模型得出最大吸附容量约为338.3mg/g;相对于BPA的结构类似物,对BPA具有良好的选择吸附性能;在溶液pH接...     

街道峡谷内汽车排放污染物浓度分布的观测与数值模拟

在上海某典型街道峡谷内按一定的空间布点,在一定时段内同时对各布点进行采样并做一氧化碳浓度分析,同时记录车辆种类、车流量、气象条件等,分析街道峡谷内污染物浓度的分布.运用风向频率加权(WDFW)方法,结合大气流动和污染物扩散的CFD模型进行数值模拟计算.结果表明,数值模拟结果和现场观测结果较吻合,建筑物低的一侧污染物浓度远高于建筑物高的一侧污染物浓度,两侧的污染物浓度随着高度的增加而降低.     

基于FHWA的兰州市道路交通噪声预测模型的建立

结合美国道路交通噪声污染预测模型(FHWA)和国内学者在该方面的大量研究成果,选择兰州市主、次干道共计52条、142个监测点的建模采样数据,并应用统计学原理分析了影响道路交通噪声的各个因子与道路交通噪声的相关性,最终得出了符合兰州市道路交通特征的噪声污染统计预测模型.随后通过兰州市15个监测点的预测与实测对比验证后发现二者具有较高的一致性,此模型可应用在兰州市道路交通噪声污染的预测评价中.     

氯化消毒过程对抗生素的降解行为及其毒性效应的影响研究进展

抗生素的大量使用导致其通过各种途径进入到污水处理厂、地表水甚至饮用水源水中.在污水处理厂二级出水排放之前以及自来水的生产和供应过程中,都必须进行氯化消毒处理以杀灭病原微生物.在此过程中,抗生素一方面可能被氯化降解,另一方面也可能转化成毒性更高的降解产物.因此,了解抗生素在氯化消毒过程中的降解行为对于明确其生态和健康风险...     

微波水热法制备ZnO-还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料及其光催化性能

通过快速沉淀-NaBH_4微波水热还原制备了ZnO-还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)纳米复合物.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和光致发光(PL)等测试手段对复合光催化剂进行表征.结果表明,复合材料中的氧化锌为六方晶系纤锌矿结构,并均匀覆盖在RGO表面上,其直径大约为15—20 nm.ZnO-RGO复合材料的光催化性能明显优于氧化锌,为纯ZnO的2.5倍.光催化性能提高可能归因于RGO优良的电子传输能力加速了ZnO-RGO纳米材料光生载流子的分离效率.