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971.
Microbial immigrants arriving with influent wastewater may influence activated sludge (AS) ecosystems. However, the extent to which immigration impacts AS communities is still debated. To explore the intensity of immigration impact, we used sequencing technology to track the raw wastewater and AS communities from a membrane bioreactor plant over a 12-month period. We first distinguished core populations from peripheral ones in both raw wastewater and AS based on their occurrence frequency and abundance. The results showed that core OTUs (≥ 80% occurrence frequency) made up a large fraction (> 90%) of total sequences, while peripheral OTUs composed the majority of all detected OTUs but merely occupied a few sequences. A significant difference in core communities between the influent and AS was found, as well as between the compositions of core and peripheral populations. Additionally, the persistent functional bacteria of AS, although not numerically dominant, accounted for 96.24% of the total sequences related to nutrient turnover, suggesting the presence of a small number of longstanding and core functional bacteria in the AS ecosystem. Importantly, 64% of the 5188 OTUs in AS, which accounted for 91.51% of the sequences, exhibited positive growth rates, which suggested that their apparent abundances were due to growth within the plant, not from immigration. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the impact of influent populations on core AS communities was limited. Overall, this work provides quantitative insights into the impact of immigration, which is expected to advance our understanding of the AS community assembly. 相似文献
972.
目的解决海军直升机表面涂层体系耐腐蚀性能较差,难以满足日历寿命要求的难题。方法采用新研制的有机涂层和原陆军直升机涂层分别对设计的结构模拟件进行涂装,并进行8个周期、共计200天的加速腐蚀试验,利用光泽度测量、色差测量和电化学阻抗测量的方法对涂层的腐蚀情况进行表征,考核验证涂层体系的防腐蚀性能。结果试验后新、原涂层外观基本完整,新涂层光泽度与色差无明显变化,原涂层光泽度下降较大。新涂层一直处于腐蚀初期的渗水阶段,其阻抗在10~8Ω·cm~2范围内,原涂层已进入腐蚀中期,其阻抗在10~6Ω·cm~2范围内。结论新涂层耐蚀性能更为优良,更加适用于海洋环境下的使用。 相似文献
973.
利用污泥基生物炭(SDBC)固定铁物质制备了一种污泥基非均相催化剂(Fe-SDBC),用于活化过硫酸盐(PS)以降解酸性橙G(OG).Fe-SDBC/PS体系显示出对OG优异的降解性能.评价了影响降解的因素(Fe-SDBC金属负载量、Fe-SDBC投加量、初始pH值和PS浓度).并通过X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、傅立叶变换红外分析仪(FT-IR)和拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对Fe-SDBC进行了表征.自由基清除剂实验表明,SO4·-和OH·自由基均在降解过程中生成,且活化PS历程主要发生在非均质催化剂表面.分析Fe-SDBC活化PS的潜在机理,表明不同形式的铁物质是PS分解的主要贡献者,Fe2+/Fe3+的转化循环提高了Fe-SDBC持久活化PS的效果.Fe-SDBC循环实验表明其对活化PS具有较好的可重用性,连续3次24h降解高浓度污染物仍能发挥作用.综上所述,Fe-SDBC作为一种污泥基非均相催化剂可以持久活化PS,从而实现OG的降解. 相似文献
974.
生物炭因具有较大的孔隙度、比表面积以及较强的吸附能力等优点,在环境污染修复、土壤改良和固碳方面应用广泛.由于大多数生物炭表面带有负电荷,而土壤中的无机砷主要以砷酸盐和亚砷酸盐等阴离子形式存在.因此,生物炭对砷的吸附效率通常较低,需要对生物炭进行改性以提升其对砷的吸附效果.零价铁和氧化铁等铁基材料对砷吸附能力强且来源广泛,通过沉淀法、热解法、球磨法和微生物法等方法将铁基材料与生物炭负载形成铁修饰生物炭,可将二者的优良特性相结合,拓展生物炭材料在环境修复中的应用.在对近年来有关铁修饰生物炭的文献进行系统分析的基础上,综述了常见的铁修饰生物炭的制备方法,比较分析了生物炭基底、铁修饰材料以及两者对砷的协同作用机制,并简要阐述了铁修饰生物炭在土壤污染修复中的应用现状,最后对铁修饰生物炭的未来研究方向提出了展望. 相似文献
975.
Jianfeng Zhang Shichang Wei Zhenxing Liu Huang Tang Xiaoguang Meng Weihuang Zhu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(8):67-75
In this study, Pb(II) was used as a target heavy metal pollutant, and the metabolism of Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens) was applied to achieve reducing conditions to study the effect of microbial reduction on lead that was preadsorbed on graphene oxide (GO) surfaces. The results showed that GO was transformed to its reduced form (r-GO) by bacteria, and this process induced the release of Pb(II) adsorbed on the GO surfaces. After 72 hr of exposure in an S. putrefaciens system, 5.76% of the total adsorbed Pb(II) was stably dispersed in solution in the form of a Pb(II)-extracellular polymer substance (EPS) complex, while another portion of Pb(II) released from GO-Pb(II) was observed as lead phosphate hydroxide (Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2) precipitates or adsorbed species on the surface of the cell. Additionally, increasing pH induced the stripping of oxidative debris (OD) and elevated the content of dispersible Pb(II) in aqueous solution under the conditions of S. putrefaciens metabolism. These research results provide valuable information regarding the migration of heavy metals adsorbed on GO under reducing conditions due to microbial metabolism. 相似文献
976.
Sulfur deposition simulations over China, Japan, and Korea: a model intercomparison study for abating sulfur emission 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Cheol-Hee Kim Lim-Seok Chang Fan Meng Mizuo Kajino Hiromasa Ueda Yuanhang Zhang Hye-Young Son Jong-Jae Lee Youjiang He Jun Xu Keiichi Sato Tatsuya Sakurai Zhiwei Han Lei Duan Jeong-Soo Kim Suk-Jo Lee Chang-Keun Song Soo-Jin Ban Shang-Gyoo Shim Young Sunwoo Tae-Young Lee 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):4073-4089
In response to increasing trends in sulfur deposition in Northeast Asia, three countries in the region (China, Japan, and Korea) agreed to devise abatement strategies. The concepts of critical loads and source?Creceptor (S?CR) relationships provide guidance for formulating such strategies. Based on the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia (LTP) project, this study analyzes sulfur deposition data in order to optimize acidic loads over the three countries. The three groups involved in this study carried out a full year (2002) of sulfur deposition modeling over the geographic region spanning the three countries, using three air quality models: MM5-CMAQ, MM5-RAQM, and RAMS-CADM, employed by Chinese, Japanese, and Korean modeling groups, respectively. Each model employed its own meteorological numerical model and model parameters. Only the emission rates for SO2 and NOx obtained from the LTP project were the common parameter used in the three models. Three models revealed some bias from dry to wet deposition, particularly the latter because of the bias in annual precipitation. This finding points to the need for further sensitivity tests of the wet removal rates in association with underlying cloud?Cprecipitation physics and parameterizations. Despite this bias, the annual total (dry plus wet) sulfur deposition predicted by the models were surprisingly very similar. The ensemble average annual total deposition was 7,203.6?±?370 kt S with a minimal mean fractional error (MFE) of 8.95?±?5.24?% and a pattern correlation (PC) of 0.89?C0.93 between the models. This exercise revealed that despite rather poor error scores in comparison with observations, these consistent total deposition values across the three models, based on LTP group's input data assumptions, suggest a plausible S?CR relationship that can be applied to the next task of designing cost-effective emission abatement strategies. 相似文献
977.
Wang Jiajun Meng Xiaoqing Chen Yu Zheng Guanyu Zhou Lixiang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(11):13300-13311
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fenton conditioning processes have been recently employed to improve the dewaterability of sewage sludge. However, it remains unclear whether the... 相似文献
978.
Shanshan Zhao Zhu Tao Liwei Chen Muqiao Han Bin Zhao Xuelin Tian Liang Wang Fangang Meng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(4):63
979.
排污许可制度改革是我国"十三五"期间一项重大内容。宁夏自2017年开始全面推行排污许可制改革,积极推进排污许可证的核发。本文对宁夏排污许可证制度落实情况进行梳理,并从工作机制、证后监管、信息化平台、培育第三方服务等方面提出对策建议。 相似文献
980.
Zhang Bo Yuan Qingbin Wang Meng meng Sun Ruonan Liu Huiling Wang Peng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(12):14423-14433
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Though heavy metals are widely reported to induce antibiotic resistance propagation, how antibiotic resistance changes in response to heavy metal... 相似文献