Bagasse-assisted bioremediation of ammonia from shrimp farm wastewater.

Development of new economically feasible ecofriendly products from agricultural wastes or byproducts for shrimp farm wastewater treatment is the objective of our continued research. Ammonia is a nitrogenous toxicant, which is commonly found in wastewater from shrimp farms. In the present study, we explored the possibility of the use of simply and inexpensively prepared bagasse products so that this abundant crop byproduct could be used to remove ammonia from shrimp farm wastewater. Bagasse, a natural highly fibrous lignocellulosic byproduct of sugarcane, was converted into five different products. Experimental results have shown that ammonia is efficiently removed from wastewater by four bagasse products with a dose of 1 to 6 g/L within 24 hours. The effect of bagasse products on other water quality parameters and growth kinetics of biofilm bacteria onto bagasse fiber have also been studied. Efficacies of products were compared by using statistical analysis. Products developed from bagasse are useful and economical.     

固相微萃取气相色谱法测定水样中的苯胺、吡啶

应用PDMS/DVB固相微萃取探头,结合GC/FID测定水中的苯胺、吡啶.优化了萃取温度、萃取平衡时间、pH等条件.该方法对苯胺和吡啶的检测限分别为0.050、0.065 mg/L,相对标准偏差6.44%～8.67%,具有快速、准确和方便等优点.     

Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (IL-SPMDs) were developed to monitor the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. Uptake kinetics of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene by layflat low-density polyethylene tubing (15 cm x 2 cm) filled with 0.5 ml 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid were studied in a laboratory continuous-flow system for the duration of 16 days. The device concentration factors were in the range of 830-7800 for the studied PAHs. The kinetic parameters of IL/water partition coefficients, analytes uptake rate constants and sampling rates were estimated using mathematical models. These parameters were used in the field experiment to estimate the concentrations of the PAHs in Lanzhou section of Yellow River in China, with the result in comparison with that obtained by triolein-SPMD.     

Evaluation of photolysis and hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin in aqueous solutions and its degradation products in paddy water

This study evaluated the hydrolysis and photolysis kinetics of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and identified the resulting metabolites of pyraclostrobin by hydrolysis and photolysis in paddy water using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. The effect of solution pH, metal ions and surfactants on the hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin was explored. The hydrolysis half-lives of pyraclostrobin were 23.1–115.5?days and were stable in buffer solution at pH 5.0. The degradation rate of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution under sunlight was slower than that under UV photolysis reaction. The half-lives of pyraclostrobin in a buffer solution at pH 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and in paddy water were less than 12?h under the two light irradiation types. The metabolites of the two processes were identified and compared to further understand the mechanisms underlying hydrolysis and photolysis of pyraclostrobin in natural water. The extracted ions obtained from paddy water were automatically annotated by Compound Discoverer software with manual confirmation of their fragments. Two metabolites were detected and identified in the pyraclostrobin hydrolysis, whereas three metabolites were detected and identified in the photolysis in paddy water.     

三峡库区垃圾污染现状及治理技术

如何搞好三峡库区的生态环境保护已成为全世界关注的课题，介绍了库区生活垃圾污染现状，并根据库区生活垃圾的特性及当地的经济发展和自然条件，对三峡库区生活垃圾的综合治理进行了系统研究，建议三峡库区垃圾实行分类收集，系统地将城区生活垃圾的管理、收集、运输和处理等各个环节有机结合起来，逐步建立起高效完善的现代化城市生活垃圾管理体系。重点介绍了准好氧垃圾卫生填埋技术和CBS（Cental Bilolgical System）城市生活垃圾高效菌种堆肥技术，秭归、巴东等烧煤区生活垃圾含无机物成分较高，建议选用准好氧填埋技术；涪陵、开县、忠县等燃气区生活垃圾有机物成分较高，已具备一定的资源化价值，高效菌种CBS堆肥技术在燃气区具有广阔的前景。     

小型圆环状尖端脉冲电晕等离子体除尘器的研制

本文介绍一种小型的脉冲电晕等离子体除尘器 ,它采用圆环状尖端电晕极 ,电晕放电稳定 ,放电电流较集中 ,不容易产生火花放电     

燃煤手烧炉有害气体生成特征研究

本文对燃煤手烧炉烟气生成特征进行了分析和研究 ,对燃烧过程二氧化硫、一氧化碳及一氧化氮等有害气体的生成规律和浓度值进行了测定和分析     

施粪肥土壤中抗生素的提取条件优化及残留特征

为确立高效的土壤抗生素提取条件,揭示施用粪肥土壤中抗生素的残留水平,分别采集江苏省常州市某养猪场新鲜猪粪样品6份、施用粪肥及无机肥水稻土壤样品各13份,对土壤抗生素提取液配比与超声提取时间进行筛选,利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）对生猪粪便和土壤中的四大类（四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类和大环内脂类）15种抗生素含量进行检测分析。结果表明,最优提取条件选择为：提取液配比为甲醇：EDTA=1：1,超声提取时间为10 min,四环素类抗生素的加标回收率为73.2%~93.4%,磺胺类为81.2%~101.1%,喹诺酮类为106.3%~110.8%。该养猪场猪粪与施粪肥土壤中均未检测到大环内脂类抗生素,其余各类抗生素平均残留量从高到低排序分别为：猪粪中四环素类 > 磺胺类 > 喹诺酮类;施粪肥土壤中四环素类 > 喹诺酮类 > 磺胺类,四环素类是最主要的抗生素污染物,残留量分别为猪粪中1.9~12.5 mg·kg-1、施粪肥土壤中23.9~212.4 μg·kg-1;施无机肥土壤中未检测出抗生素,施粪肥土壤中的抗生素来源于生猪粪便。     

Preparation of La-modified magnetic composite for enhanced adsorptive removal of tetracycline

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Composite adsorbents usually outperform single component adsorbents as they could combine the properties and advantages of each component. In this...     

我国农业县（市）绿色食品发展对策研究

发展绿色食品是实现区域可持续发展和发展生态农业的一条有效途径。本文分析了我国农业县（市）发展绿色食品普遍存在的问题,在此基础上提出了发展绿色食品的对策。