好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器的研究进展

综述了好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(MBR)在废水生物处理中的研究进展,着重介绍了MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的特性、好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的去除特性及其对膜污染控制的特性,并在此基础上展望了好氧颗粒污泥MBR技术的发展方向。     

石油生物脱硫技术研究进展

生物脱硫技术由于具有条件温和、能耗低等优势受到人们关注。对生物脱硫新型微生物的筛选方向、生物脱硫技术中脱硫菌生长以及脱硫限制、传质限制等因素及其近期研究进展等方面进行了介绍,以期促进生物脱硫技术的研究深度。     

废旧阴极射线管(CRT)显示器玻壳中铅浸出特性研究

CRT显示器玻壳中含有大量的铅,废旧CRT显示器玻壳被列为危险废物。采用4种浸提方法(水平振荡法(GB5086.2-1997)、翻转法(GB5086.1-1997)、硫酸硝酸法(HJ/T299-2007)、醋酸缓冲溶液法(HJ/T300-2007))研究CRT显示器玻壳中铅的浸出特性。同时探讨浸提液pH和pH缓冲能力、振荡方式、CRT玻壳颗粒粒径、液固比、浸提时间对CRT玻壳颗粒中的Pb浸出的影响。结果表明:上述4种方法浸提液中Pb的平均浓度分别为0.07、0.69、1.64、11.33 mg/L。随着醋酸缓冲液初始pH值从4.0升高到7.0,其浸提的Pb的含量呈现出逐渐下降的趋势。而去离子水的pH值低于5时,其浸提的Pb的含量才明显升高。Visual MINTEQ模型计算结果表明:在去离子水和硫酸硝酸混合液浸提过程中,主要以酸碱反应为主;而在醋酸缓冲液浸提过程中,以酸碱反应和络合反应为主。前3种浸提方法使用的浸提液类似于天然水环境或降水,其浸提的Pb浓度高于地下水环境质量III标准。第4种浸提方法模拟垃圾填埋场环境,其浸提的Pb的浓度高于工业固废最高容许浸出浓度。因此,废旧CRT玻壳无论填埋处置或直接进入土...     

Treatment of coking wastewater by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide

In this study the treatment of coking wastewater was investigated by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide. Particular attention was paid to the effect of initial pH, dosage of H₂O₂ and to improvement in biodegradation. The results showed that higher COD and total phenol removal rates were achieved with a decrease in initial pH and an increase in H₂O₂ dosage. At an initial pH of less than 6.5 and H₂O₂ concentration of 0.3 M, COD removal reached 44-50% and approximately 95% of total phenol removal was achieved at a reaction time of 1 h. The oxygen uptake rate of the effluent measured at a reaction time of 1 h increased by approximately 65% compared to that of the raw coking wastewater. This indicated that biodegradation of the coking wastewater was significantly improved. Several organic compounds, including bifuran, quinoline, resorcinol and benzofuranol were removed completely as determined by GC-MS analysis. The advanced Fenton oxidation process is an effective pretreatment method for the removal of organic pollutants from coking wastewater. This process increases biodegradation, and may be combined with a classical biological process to achieve effluent of high quality.     

环丁砜-哌嗪溶液吸收烟道气中二氧化碳

采用搅拌实验装置,研究环丁砜溶液及不同配比的环丁砜-PZ复合溶液对烟道气中二氧化碳的吸收和解吸性能,揭示了吸收容量与酸碱度、时间之间的内在联系,并对CO2初始逸出温度、试液再生温度、试液再生率、再生pH下降率进行了细致记录分析。实验结果表明,环丁砜-PZ复合溶液配比为0.4∶0.6时:吸收效果最佳,吸收量约为0.126 mol;再生温度最高,为105℃;再生率最高,为90.34%。同时与相同配比的MEA、DEA相比具有较大再生优势。实验结果还表明,环丁砜-PZ复合体系之间存在负交互作用。     

沈阳市区臭氧污染状况调查与分析

对沈阳市区环境空气中的臭氧污染现状进行了调查与分析,利用沈阳市大气自动监测系统的数据,分别分析了沈阳城市中心区和城市边缘区臭氧的污染情况以及臭氧与其他污染物之间的相关性,并总结了臭氧与其他污染物的季节性变化趋势。     

Quantum dots enhance Cu2+-induced hepatic L02 cells toxicity

As a new class of xenogenous nanoparticle,quantum dots (QDs) possess the potential to co-exist with Cu2+ in human liver.The combined toxicity is thus concerned.Considering QDs and Cu2+ are known ROS (reactive oxygen species) inducer,we investigated the combined oxidative stress and corresponding protective strategy using human hepatic L02 cells.The results demonstrated that the presence of a small amount of MPA-CdTe QDs (2 μg/mL) in a Cu2+ solution (2.5-20 μg/mL) resulted in a higher toxicity with up to 8-fold cell viability decrease,which was accompanied by cell morphology changes.The combined toxicity was then confirmed as ROS associated oxidative stress with up to 300% and 35% increase of the intracellular ROS level and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity,respectively.N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can also provide almost complete protection against the induced toxicity.Therefore,the ROS associated oxidant injury might be responsible for the QDs-Cu2+/Cu2+ induced toxicity and could be balanced through cytoprotective antioxidant enzyme GST.     

胡敏酸对铜的鱼鳃生物有效性影响的计算机模拟

以彩虹方头鱼为模拟对象,用鱼鳃微环境测定装置和化学平衡计算方法(MINTEQA2),计算了含和不含胡敏酸的人工河水及暴露于其中的鱼鳃微环境中,不同pH条件下,铜的形态分布.研究了胡敏酸对鱼鳃内外的铜的形态分布及其生物有效性的影响,并讨论了pH对此的影响.计算结果表明,当胡敏酸存在时,胡敏酸络合态铜成为鱼鳃内外铜形态分布体系中的优势态,并引起铜生物有效性的降低.鱼鳃粘液和胡敏酸的共同作用使鱼鳃微环境中的生物有效铜含量低于外部水相.pH对铜形态分布及生物有效性的影响主要发生在碱性环境下.     

弹性填料微孔曝气生物膜法修复污染水源除NH4+-N

采用弹性填料微孔曝气生物接触氧化法对受污染的水源进行修复除NH₄⁺-N效果研究.结果表明,在正常水温20℃～27℃条件下,当污染水源COD_Mn7～14mg/L,NH₄⁺-N 0.7～2.0mg/L和生物修复工艺运行参数HRT为1.4h,气:水=0.5:1,DO为7～9mg/L时,生物修复工艺可去除水源中的NH₄⁺-N为64%～95%;在较低水温7℃～12℃条件下,当污染水源COD_Mn6～11mg/L,NH₄⁺-N 1.2～8.0mg/L和生物修复工艺运行参数HRT为1.4h,气:水=0.5:1,DO为8～10mg/L时,生物修复工艺可去除水源中的NH₄⁺-N为40%～63%.     

湖泊水质参数空间最优估计精度分析

在湖泊研究中,往往要了解污染的空间分布状况,其核心是空间最优估计问题.本文在阐述了克立格方差特点的基础上,以太湖为例,对湖泊水质参数空间最优估计的精度问题进行了分析.结果显示,估计精度受变差函数、各采样点的空间配置关系等因素的影响.空间结构直接决定着估计精度的大小,而与各信息采样点的值的大小无关.