Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of anthracene with selected atmospheric oxidants

The reactions of gas-phase anthracene and suspended anthracene particles with O3 and O3-NO were conducted in a 200-L reaction chamber, respectively. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formations from gas-phase reactions of anthracene with O3 and O3-NO were observed. Meanwhile, the size distributions and mass concentrations of SOA were monitored with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) during the formation processes. The rapid exponential growths of SOA reveal that the atmospheric lifetimes of gas-phase anthracene towards O3 and O3-NO are less than 20.5 and 4.34 hr, respectively. The particulate oxidation products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were analyzed with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS). Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analyses of oxidation products of anthracene were carried out for assigning the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra of products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Anthrone, anthraquinone, 9,10- dihydroxyanthracene, and 1,9,10-trihydroxyanthracene were the ozonation products of anthracene, while anthrone, anthraquinone, 9-nitroanthracene, and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone were the main products of anthracene with O3-NO.     

Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,     

小飞扬草(Euphorbia thymifolia L.)中镉的亚细胞分布及化学形态

采用差速离心法和逐步提取法,分析Cd超积累植物小飞扬草根、茎、叶中Cd的亚细胞分布和化学形态。培养液中Cd浓度5mg/L和10mg/L条件下,在小飞扬草根、茎、叶中,细胞壁和细胞膜是Cd主要的结合场所,含量分别占总量的47.1%～49.0%、39.7%～41.4%、42.9%～56.2%,其次是胞液组分,含量分别占37.5%～41.4%、28.2%～40.7%、35.2%～46.8%,细胞器组分中Cd含量较少。Cd在小飞扬草根、茎、叶中均以氯化钠提取态为主,含量分别占70.5%～84.8%、72.4%～83.0%、50.0%～74.8%。根部各提取态含量依次为CNaCl>CHAC>CEtOH>CHCl>CW>CR,茎、叶中各提取态含量依次为CNaCl>CHCl>CHAC>CEtOH>CW>CR。在小飞扬草中,Cd与细胞壁和细胞膜中的果胶酸和蛋白质等物质结合固定,而进入细胞的Cd大部分与有机酸络合而隔离于液泡内,这可能是小飞扬草忍耐并超积累Cd的机制。     

压缩天然气加气站日常运营环境影响分析——以洛阳市某加气站为例

鉴于压缩天然气(CNG)加气站日常运行对周边环境影响的高风险状态,文章依据洛阳市某CNG加气站生产运营状况,对其运营过程中可能造成的环境影响进行预测、评析,并提出了合理的防范措施。     

石化行业催化裂化装置环境监理要点研究——以某企业350万吨/年催化裂化装置为例

催化裂化是石油炼厂从重质油生产汽油的主要过程之一,是石化炼油中的核心部分,也是环境监理关注的重点.以某石化公司油品质量升级改造项目为例,对新建350万吨/年催化裂化装置的环境监理开展深入研究,为国内深入开展类似项目的环境监理工作、出台环境监理技术规范提供有益的参考.     

基于遥感监测和气流轨迹的酸雨成因研究

酸雨对生态系统的危害已经引起全世界的广泛关注,探讨其形成机制是控制酸雨污染的重要研究基础.本研究基于遥感监测的降水发生前后的致酸前体物大气SO2和NO2柱浓度数据,利用气流轨迹方法探讨了辽宁省大连和丹东2007年典型场次酸雨的形成机制.研究结果显示,卫星遥感影像与气流轨迹法相结合可以有效地表达酸雨前体物的来源、传输模式及降雨对致酸前体物的清除效果,为科学、合理地判断酸雨沉降机制提供了更加直观、有效的技术支持.     

烟气黑度的产生及处理方法

本文从原料、生产工艺、处理设备、企业管理等方面论述了烟气黑度超标的相关原因,针对具体情况提出了有针对性的解决方案,改进生产工艺、加强人员管理和设备投入等防治烟气黑度超标现象。     

大型LNG接收站建设过程中HSE管理体系的实施

针对大型LNG接收站建设过程中HSE管理所面临的诸多难点,结合HSE体系在LNG接收站建设初期试运行遇到的问题,利用PDCA循环的方法,从体系制定、培训、落实、检查、整改等方面探讨了多EPC模式下,建设单位HSE体系在工程建设中有效运行的经验。     

离子色谱法测定废气中硫酸雾实验研究

文章建立了离子色谱法测定废气中硫酸雾的分析方法,制备好的样品经0．45um微孔滤膜抽滤,采用AS14A阴离子交换色谱柱分离,电导检测器检测,以0．8mmol／L碳酸钠和0．1mmol／L碳酸氢钠混合溶液为流动相,流速为0．5ml／min进行测定,以保留时间定性,峰面积进行定量,方法的适用范围为0．50～50mg／m3。与铬酸钡分光光度法进行比对试验,无显著性差异。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确度好,实用性强,适用于大批量环境样品的分析。     

亚硝酸甲酯物性研究

介绍了亚硝酸甲酯的制备方法、危险性、急救措施和操作储存注意事项;分析已有的亚硝酸甲酯物性,针对缺乏的重要数据做了基础研究,得到了亚硝酸钾甲酯爆炸极限和分解热,明确了今后亚硝酸甲酯物性的研究方向。