稠油污水回用锅炉处理工艺的应用

新疆油田公司稠油污水处理普遍采用成熟的离子调整旋流反应水处理技术,污水处理后达到回用锅炉水质标准SY/T 0097-2000《稠油油田采出水用于蒸汽发生器给水处理设计规范》,供给油田专用高压注汽锅炉用水。采用相同技术建成的采油一厂稠油处理站污水回用锅炉处理工艺投用后,处理后污水回用锅炉,减少了含油污水的外排,充分利用了稠油污水的热能,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。     

陶瓷微滤膜过滤黑液的清洗与再生

对无机陶瓷微滤膜过滤草桨黑液的膜清洗及再生的方法进行了研究。考察了物理和化学方法的再生效果、单种清洗剂的清洗效果、复合方法的清洗效果和效果的可重复性。结果表明物理冲洗、高温灼烧、单一的化学清洗剂清洗均可以提高陶瓷膜的再生通量；但是复合方法对陶瓷微滤膜的再生效果较好，其中按氢氧化钠溶液清洗、硝酸溶液清洗、次氯酸钠溶液清洗的实验步骤，膜的再生渗透通量高．且重复性强，可望在工业生产的在线清洗中应用。     

印刷线路板厂含铜污泥固化处理工艺研究

研究采用水泥作固化基材固化处理某印刷线路板厂酸性废水用石灰混凝所产生的含铜、锡、金的污泥 ,对固化块在不同 pH的水中重金属Cu2 +的浸出实验结果表明 :水泥固化处理该混凝污泥效果良好 ,控制合适的条件 ,可得到混合性能好、初凝时间适当、抗压强度较好的固化块。Cu2 +的浸出率低于允许浸出浓度。混凝过程中加入硫脲硅酸钠等助剂 ,可提高固化效果。研究还对几种不同配比的固化块抗压强度进行了探讨。     

对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯对人和大鼠肝微粒体CYP450酶活性的抑制作用

本文目的是研究对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（羟苯丙酯;propylparaben,PP）和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯（羟苯丁酯;butylparaben,BP）对大鼠肝微粒体（rat liver microsomes,RLM）和人肝微粒体（human liver microsomes,HLM）细胞色素P450酶（cytochrome P450 enzyme,CYP）活性的抑制作用,并评价它们的相互作用潜能。在体外将系列浓度的羟苯丙酯和羟苯丁酯与大鼠和人肝微粒体孵育60 min,以非那西丁、安非他酮、甲苯磺丁脲、氯唑沙宗、香豆素、右美沙芬和咪达唑仑为CYP探针底物,应用质谱定量检测各探针底物的代谢产物生成量,计算得到IC₅₀和K_i值,评价2种化学受试物对大鼠和人肝微粒体CYP450酶的抑制活性和抑制类型,并对抑制强度进行分级。大鼠和人肝微粒体中羟苯丙酯是CYP1A2酶的中等强度抑制剂,羟苯丁酯在大鼠肝微粒体中是CYP1A2酶的弱抑制剂,在人肝微粒体中是CYP1A2酶的中等强度抑制剂,观察到对其他CYP450酶无抑制作用,这与用软件预测的羟苯丙酯和羟苯丁酯对CYP450酶的抑制种类结果一致,分子对接的结果也印证了羟苯丙酯和羟苯丁酯对CYP1A2酶活性的抑制作用,按照构效关系和同源CYP的物种敏感度预测模型,本文关于CYP的研究结果可以类推到其他哺乳动物和人类。     

Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Areas Polluted with Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Lanzhou,China

This study investigated the soil nematode community structure along the Yellow River in the Lanzhou area of China, and analyzed the impact of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the nematode community. Soil samples from five locations (named A–E), which were chosen for soil analysis, showed significant differences in their heavy metal content (p < 0.01), as well as in the variety of nematodes (up to 41 genera) and families (up to 20) that were present. The different samples also differed significantly in the total PAH content (p < 0.05), as well as the six types of PAH present. Sites A–C showed the most severe contamination with heavy metals and PAHs; these sites had the lowest abundance of fungivores and omnivore/predators, but the proportion of bacteriovores was the highest (p < 0.05). Site E, in contrast, showed only minor pollution with heavy metals and PAHs, and it contained the highest abundance of plant parasites (p < 0.05). Several nematode ecological indicators were found to correlate with concentration of soil pollutants at all the sites tested: the maturity index (MI, in addition to plant parasites), plant parasite index (PPI), ΣMI (including all the soil nematodes), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′′), and Wasilewska index (WI). Disturbance to the soil environment was more severe when MI, ΣMI, and H′ values were lower. The results of the study show that the abundance and structure of the soil nematode communities in the sampling locations were strongly influenced by levels of heavy metals and PAHs in the soil. They also show that the diversity index H′ and the maturity index can be valuable tools for assessing the impact of pollutants on nematodes.