生物流化床反应器在处理含氯代芳香化合物废水中的应用

氯代芳香化合物是工业废水中重要污染物之一。本文介绍了氯代芳香化合物的降解机理、生物流化床的特点及其处理氯代芳香化合物的应用 ,为含氯代芳香化合物的废水处理提供参考     

长江三峡张家湾遗址孢粉组合及古环境演变

长江三峡巫山地区张家湾东周一汉代古遗址文化层中含有丰富的了解粉,孢粉数据分析,为研究本区东周-汉代时期人类活动的古地理环境提供了有利的资料,根据孢粉组合的变化,可把该区地层由上到下划为三个孢粉组合带;带1（生土层）海金沙（Lygodium)一卷柏-（Seleginella)-紫萁（Osmunda)-松（Pinus)孢粉带;带2（文化层）菊科（Compositae)-毛莨科的唐僧草（Thalictrum)孢粉带;带3（文化层上部）海金沙-紫萁-水龙骨科（Polypodiaceae)-榆（Ulmus)-小芘（Berberis)-栗（Castanea)-慈菇（Sagittaria)-泽泻（Alisma)孢粉带,这种孢粉组合的差异,反映各阶段人类活动古地理环境的变化。该区古人类活动初期处于暖湿的气候,东周一汉代时期转变为温凉略干的温带落叶阔叶林-草地景观,东周-汉代后气候逐渐由于变湿,植被由草原向森林转变,同时该区经历了一次规模较大的洪水泛滥期。     

稠油废水COD处理工艺研究

通过对多种絮凝剂的试验研究,筛选出UP-11混凝剂,在其投加量为2.4 mL/L时,油与COD去除效果最佳。同时在此基础上采用膜SBR法对絮凝出水做进一步处理,当运行条件为:进水0.5h、曝气4h、沉淀1h、排水0.5h时,出水完全达到国家规定的污水排放标准。     

RESERVOIR TROPHIC STATE EVALUATION USING LANISAT TM IMAGES1

ABSTRACT: Reservoir water quality is traditionally monitored and evaluated based on field data. Collecting and analyzing field water quality data are costly and time consuming tasks, and whether a limited number of field data truly characterize the spatial variation of the trophic state within a vast water body is often disputed. In this study we utilize Landsat TM data to estimate the water quality and trophic state of the Te‐Chi reservoir in Central Taiwan. A modified multi‐parameter model of Carlson's trophic state index (TSI) was developed for the Te‐chi reservoir. Water quality parameters (concentration of chlorophyll‐a, total phosphorous measurement, and secchi disk depth) required by the model are found to have high correlations with combinations of TM bands. Therefore, TM data are used to map the trophic state of the reservoir. TM‐derived TSI maps of the reservoir reveal that, in summer, the trophic state in the reservoir generally improves from upstream to downstream and that zones of distinct trophic state exist. A trophic state index based on secchi disk depth may give erroneous values in the upstream section of the reservoir pool due to high sediment concentration in the reservoir inflow. We conclude that the Te‐Chi reservoir is eutrophic or worse in summer and meso‐eutrophic in winter. Implementation of best management practices to reduce nonpoint source pollution in the upstream watershed is highly recommended. This study demonstrates the capability of mapping the trophic state in impounded water bodies using the Landsat TM data.     

A SCALE‐INVARIANT GAUSS‐MARKOV MODEL FOR DESIGN STORM HYETOGRAPHS1

Abstract. Hyetographs are essential to many hydrological designs. Many studies have shown that hyetographs are specific to storm types and durations. Recent work presented evidence that dimensionless hyetographs are scale invariant. We show that the simple scaling property of rainfall guarantees that the normalized rainfall rates of different storm durations are identically distributed and propose a nonstationary Gauss‐Markov model based on the annual maximum events that arise from the dominant storm type. We derive the unique estimators for the parameters of the Gauss‐Markov model under two constraints that: (a) the typical peak rainfall rate is preserved, and (b) the most likely hyetograph is obtained. One attractive feature of this model is that it allows translating hyetographs between storms of different durations. Two examples illustrate our model.     

饮水中二溴乙酸诱导细胞恶性转化试验

为探讨氯化消毒副产物二溴乙酸的致癌性及其可能的致癌机制,使用NIH3T3细胞进行 了恶性转化试验,并用刀豆蛋白A凝集试验验证细胞恶性特征,用流式细胞仪对转化后细胞进 行了细胞周期时相分析.结果表明,二溴乙酸能导致细胞恶性转化,转化细胞能引起低浓度刀 豆蛋白A凝集,细胞周期出现G2/M期阻滞.可见二溴乙酸具有潜在致癌性,有必要对其进行进一 步研究.     

铁氧化物对模拟印染废水中锑的去除性能研究

含锑化合物常作为纺织工业的催化剂,易引发锑(Sb)污染问题.本文以针铁矿、四方纤铁矿与水铁矿等3种常见的铁氧化物作为吸附剂,比较了不同铁氧化物对Sb(Ⅴ)的去除性能,探究了印染废水中各类因素对锑吸附性能的影响.研究结果显示,3种铁氧化物均可使锑浓度为200μg·L-1的模拟印染废水的出水Sb(Ⅴ)浓度小于50 μg·L...     

膜生物反应器活性污泥酶活与磷脂脂肪酸分析

分析了不同污染负荷下膜生物反应器的运行效率,并运用酶活表征污泥活性,用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)分析微生物种群结构及其分布特征.结果表明,膜生物反应器对COD,TP,TN,NH4+-N 保持着高而稳定的去除率,不同有机负荷下去除率差异不大(P>0.05);磷酸酶活性在低污染负荷下最高,脱氢酶、β-糖苷酶在中低污染负荷时的活性比高污染负荷时高,脲酶及蛋白酶活性随负荷增加而升高;活性污泥PLFAs 组成以单不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和支链脂肪酸为主,而多不饱和脂肪酸与环丙烷脂肪酸含量较少,特征脂肪酸的比值表明在反应器中好氧细菌占绝对优势;微生物的群落结构分析显示,活性污泥中好氧原核微生物为优势类群,其次是革兰氏阳性细菌及其他厌氧细菌,而真核微生物所占比例最低.     

复合菌群处理印染废水

从印染污水排放口污泥中筛选出3株具有高絮凝率和降解能力的菌株,将3株菌株进行复合,得到复合菌群JFFH-124。实验表明:复合菌群JFFH-124的絮凝能力和降解COD能力都比单菌株强。经过JFFH-124的絮凝和降解处理,印染废水的色度从150降低到23,脱色率达84.5%;COD从530 mg/L降低到96 mg/L,去除率达81.9%。     

有机溶剂和变性剂对枯草芽胞杆菌溶栓酶活性的影响

以枯草芽胞杆菌LD-8547菌株发酵液为材料,提取分离溶栓酶,研究了几种有机溶剂及变性剂对枯草杆菌溶栓酶活性的影响.结果表明,甲醇对溶栓酶表现为抑制作用,在10%-15%浓度范围时,其抑制作用最强;乙醇在5%～15%浓度范围内对酶活有激活作用,但随浓度的增大则转变为较强的抑制作用;正丁醇和异丙醇对酶活力则表现出强烈的抑制作用;丙三醇对酶活力有轻微的抑制作用,随着浓度增加抑制作用逐渐增强;异戊醇在5%～15%浓度范围内有一定的激活作用,但当浓度大于15%时则表现为抑制作用.醛类对酶活也有较强的抑制作用;丙酮、DMSO、DMF、SDS和异氰硫酸胍对酶活均有不同程度的抑制作用;脲浓度＜0.01 mmol/L时略有激活作用,随浓度增大转变为抑制作用.实验同时对EDTA在不同浓度和不同时间内对酶活力的影响进行了研究,结果表明,浓度＜2mmol/L的EDTA基本不影响酶活力,但随着浓度的增大,其抑制作用明显增大.本实验还以牛血为材料,对酶液进行了体外抗血凝和溶血栓实验,结果表明,该酶具有抗血凝和溶血栓效果.