温室效应与全球变化（三）：全球碳循环与人为二氧化碳排放的控制

本文综述了全球碳循环的现状及人类活动对它的影响，指出人为释放大量的二氧化碳又不使大气中二氧化碳浓度升高是不可能的，人为促进海洋光合作用的增加和在陆地上植树造林在控制大气二氧化碳浓度上升上所能起的作用也是有限的。只有在不放慢经济发展的速度，不降低能源总有效消费量的情况下，努力减少人为二氧化碳的排放才是现实的。本文探讨了这一途径在技术上的可能性。     

温室效应与全球变化（四）：通过国际谈判与合作减少全球人为二氧化碳的排放

在限制人为二氧化碳的排放以控制全球变化的问题上,发达国家与发展中国家之间存在着尖锐的利益冲突。目前,大气中人为增加的二氧化碳绝大中份是发达国家在过去１５０年内排放的。它们目前的排放量仍占全球人为排放量的四分之三。发展中国家在经济发展过程中不可避免地要增加二氧化碳的排放量,这是它们正当的发展权利。作者讨论了各种限制人为二氧化碳排放的国际协定方案,认为可交易的二氧化碳排放许可证制度是比较现实的方案。     

断路器欠压脱扣器抗冲击设计

主要应用于舰船等有冲击场合的断路器,其抗冲击性能要求很高。介绍了断路器欠压脱扣器在抗冲击方面的设计方法,此方法可以有效地削弱冲击力对欠压脱扣器的影响。     

Sludge earthworm composting technology by Eisenia fetida

Prior to vermicompost application to the soils, there is a need to determine the heavy metal concentrations in the final vermicomposts. Acute toxicity on Eisenia fetida for copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) were conducted by artificial soils tests. The dosage of interest is typically the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) that will kill 50 % of the population of organisms within the test period. The dry artificial soil is pre-moistened 1 or 2 days before the test by adding deionized water to obtain approximately half of the required final water content of 40–60 % of the maximum water holding capacity. The 14-day LC₅₀ values (95 % confidence interval) for Cu and Cd were 530 (450–624) and 1118 (988–1265) mg kg^?1, respectively. The vermicomposting was designed to evaluate the effects of earthworm activity on heavy metals in sewage sludge. Compared with the sludge before vermicomposting by Eisenia fetida, the results are as follows: (1) water content, the pH value and organic matter content decreased, (2) total nitrogen content increased, total phosphorus content and total potassium content decreased, (3) available nitrogen concentration, available phosphorus content increased, and (4) the total content of five metals (Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn) decreased, and the bioaccumulation factor shows that vermicomposting can efficiently remove heavy metals. Therefore, it can be concluded that the soil use of sludge of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Huaibei is feasible.     

酞菁蓝颜料生产废水处理试验研究

采用初沉-电凝聚-加碱沉淀-生化工艺处理酞菁蓝颜料生产废水,试验表明,COD可从1190mg／L降至95．9mg／L,Cu^(2 )质量浓度可从163．5mg／L降至0．7mg／L,色度可从210倍降至43．3倍,出水COD、色度达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准,Cu达到二级排放标准。     

Tourism’s Impacts on Natural Resources: A Positive Case from China

Tourism development may result in negative impacts on natural resources owing to overuse and mismanagement. However, tourism may also play positive roles in natural resource conservation, which has rarely been verified in practice, although some researchers have demonstrated this in theory. In this article, taking the Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve as a case study area, we conducted an analysis for the environmental impacts from tourism development based on social survey and interpretation of remote sensing images. The results show that the natural environment was not degraded and some indicators are even improving because all the residents have participated in tourism and given up farming and hunting. It is concluded that it is possible to use tourism as a way to balance natural resource conservation and economic development under the preconditions of making effective policies to encourage and help local people participate in tourism business and to benefit from it.     

通过剖析达钢二次能源综合利用分析钢铁行业节能减排潜力

二次能源综合利用是我国钢铁行业完成节能减排既定目标的技术关键.本文通过对达钢二次能源综合利用的剖析,评述了钢铁行业节能减排的潜力.     

对滇池流域山水林田湖草一体化保护和系统治理的思考

滇池是“九五”时期以来我国重点治理的“三河三湖”之一,经过30年治理,水质明显改善,水生态系统演变趋势向好。然而目前,滇池流域“山水林田湖草”系统治理格局还未完全形成,流域生态系统韧性不足,水环境质量正处于进一步改善的瓶颈期。为探索滇池治理的未来发展路径,本文系统总结了前期滇池治理历程与成效,诊断了存在的主要问题,分析了滇池流域自然—社会复合生态系统特征,提出了滇池流域山水林田湖草一体化保护和系统治理的思路、目标、空间布局和重点任务,以期为新时期滇池流域水生态环境保护提供指导,也为其他城市型重污染湖泊流域从水污染防治向水生态保护的转变提供借鉴。     

基于Meta分析的安全氛围与安全绩效的关系研究*

为更系统地归纳安全氛围与安全绩效的关系,探究安全氛围、安全绩效及安全结果间的影响机制,采用Meta分析方法,通过2000—2020年54篇文献的55个独立研究样本进行定量综合分析,并进一步探讨安全氛围与安全绩效各维度间的关系,同时运用Meta二元回归探究潜在调节变量对2者间关系的调节作用。结果表明:安全氛围显著正向影响安全绩效,在高危行业中安全氛围对安全绩效影响更大;安全氛围与安全参与、安全遵守均显著正相关,且安全氛围对安全参与的影响强于对安全遵守的影响;安全氛围和安全绩效均与安全结果显著负相关,且安全绩效对安全结果的影响强于安全氛围对安全结果的影响。