自制固相微萃取装置-气相色谱法测定空气中痕量苯

采用自制的固相微萃取(SPME)装置结合气相色谱仪(GC)对室内空气中痕量苯进行定性和定量的分析。阐述了固相微萃取法的原理和定量的机理;对影响SPME的因素(空气柱、萃取时间、解吸时间和温度)进行了讨论;对所建立的方法进行了系统评价,结果表明:建立的方法具有良好的线性关系(相关系数R=0.9998),检出限为0.01mg/L,3个含量点的相对标准偏差在允许的范围7%以内,回收率为98.18%。     

与地裂缝正交马蹄形地铁隧道动力响应模拟分析

在地铁隧道—地裂缝动力相互作用模型试验中,拟采用点荷载的加载方式。为了合理制定模型试验加载方案,建立了点荷载和移动荷载2种加载方式下,与地裂缝正交的马蹄形隧道—地裂缝—地层动力相互作用的数值模型。通过对2种加载方式下的拱底土层竖向最大位移、土层最大加速度分布、土层加速度时程以及衬砌加速度时程进行对比分析,可以得出在2种加载方式下,拱底竖向最大位移、土层加速度分布、土层加速度时程以及衬砌加速度时程在分布上有相近的规律,从而说明了在模型试验中,可以用点荷载加载方式来代替移动荷载,为模型试验提供了依据。     

Fine Dust Filtration Using a Metal Fiber Bed

Abstract

A bed-type filter composed of thin metal alloy fiber was closely examined with dust capturing in cold and hot runs. The investigation of an individual mechanism across the filter bed indicated that the aerated dust could be initially collected by depth filtration, and after a while, surface filtration dominated the overall dust collection. The present metal fiber bed was comparable to the conventional ceramic filters because of its good collection efficiency with low pressure drop. It also showed potential to be used as a prefilter in a diesel exhaust trapping system.     

Assessing the impact of petrol stations on their immediate surroundings

This paper describes a novel methodology for evaluating the extent to which petrol stations affect their surroundings. The method is based on the fact that the ratio of the concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in the air of the petrol stations and their surroundings (basically determined by vapor emissions from unburned gasoline) differs from the ratio found in urban air, which is mainly influenced by traffic emissions. Bearing this in mind, the spatial limit of influence of petrol stations in any direction would be the first point, moving away from the station, where the ratio becomes equal to the urban background ratio. Application of the methodology involves multipoint measuring campaigns of the air at the studied petrol station and built-up area in general and processing the data with software capable of providing isoconcentration contours. The procedure should help local authorities in terms of land management, so that a “belt” can be established around petrol stations where housing or vulnerable populations and activities such as those in schools, hospitals and community centers should be restricted.     

Diffusion of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) from an e-waste recycling area to the surrounding regions in Southeast China

Using Cinnamomum camphora (C. camphora) leaves as biomonitors, we investigated that the diffusion of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from an e-waste recycling area to the surrounding regions. Variance in ∑₃₂PBDEs concentrations (0.46–399.93 ng g⁻¹ dry weight) in the leaves showed that PBDEs from the e-waste recycling area diffused into the surrounding regions, and resulted in a halo of PBDEs contamination, at least 74 km in radius. The attenuation of ∑₃₂PBDEs in the diffusing process fitted in log-linear regression. The difference in the attenuating slopes of linear equations among different directions can be explained by terrain and wind direction. The attenuation of PBDE congeners also fitted well in log-linear regression. The findings that similar attenuating slopes and characteristic travel distance among congeners suggest that the transport behavior of lower brominated congeners might not differ from that of higher brominated congeners in short-range scale.     

彩南污水处理技术改进研究及应用

针对彩南油田原有水处理技术不能满足工艺要求的现状,对水质净化工艺技术进行改进研究。确定预催化—强化絮凝净水的技术路线,并选定了最优药剂体系、加药量和加药位置;结合以往污水处理经验和现场实际情况,在预催化—强化絮凝净水技术基础上自行研发了新型污水反应器,对斜板沉降罐进出水系统、沉降罐收油槽、调储罐、污泥沉降池和杀菌技术进行了改进。通过现场实际运行,处理后含油污水水质达到Q/SY XJ0039—2001《彩南油田注水水质标准》。     

Influence of temperature changes on ambient air NO<Subscript>x</Subscript> chemiluminescence measurements

Users of automatic air pollution monitors are largely unaware of how certain parameters, like temperature, can affect readings. The present work examines the influence of temperature changes on chemiluminescence NO(x) measurements made with a Thermo Scientific 42i analyzer, a model widely used in air monitoring networks and air pollution studies. These changes are grouped into two categories according to European Standard EN 14211: (1) changes in the air surrounding the analyzers and (2) changes in the sampled air. First, the sensitivity tests described in Standard EN 14211 were performed to determine whether the analyzer performance was adapted to the requirements of the standard. The analyzer met the performance criteria of both tests; however, some differences were detected in readings with temperature changes even though the temperature compensator was on. Sample temperature changes were studied more deeply as they were the most critical (they cannot be controlled and differences of several tens of degrees can be present in a single day). Significant differences in readings were obtained when changing sample temperature; however, maximum deviations were around 3% for temperature ranges of 15°C. If other possible uncertainty contributions are controlled and temperature variations with respect to the calibration temperature are not higher than 15°C, the effect of temperature changes could be acceptable and no data correction should have to be applied.     

集中式饮用水水源地水质预警指标体系构建

饮用水水源地水质预警是建立健全饮用水安全保障体系的关键环节,构建水源地水质预警指标体系是水源地监控预警工作的重要基础。系统分析了常规水质在线、生物毒性在线、卫星遥感、人工巡视等水质预警监测技术手段,并分析比较了各方法的优缺点。以此为基础,遵循水源地预警指标体系构建原则与实际需求,统筹兼顾,提出了建立以常规理化-生物毒性在线监测相结合,遥感监测与人工巡查相统筹的一体化水源地水质预警指标体系,为水源地水质预警监控工作提供合理的、科学的技术支撑。     

生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值法规与标准研究

本文对国内生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值的国家标准、地方标准、行业标准以及中国香港、欧美等发达地区精细化的生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值法规和标准做了比较全面的综述,并从产品限值种类以及限值要求两个方面进行了对比研究和分析,提出了我国生产生活类产品VOCs 含量限值法规标准制定建议。笔者认为,应借鉴发达国家成功的生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值法规及标准制定经验,从做好标准和产品技术要求衔接、建立区域协同制定标准模式、结合经济因素或环境空气质量,分步推进相关标准制定和发布等方面入手,建立符合实际国情的产品种类较为全面、标准要求较高的生产生活类产品VOCs含量限值法规与标准体系,尤其是生活消费品方面,减少直接与人体接触的生活消费品VOCs排放。