天津市1997年-2006年相对资源承载力的动态测度与分析

采用相对资源承载力的研究思路与计算方法,计算1997年-2006年天津市相对自然资源承载力、相对经济承载力和综合承载力及其变化过程。研究表明：（1）与全国比较,天津市资源综合承载力处于富余状态,且经济资源对综合承载力的贡献占大部分;（2）与北京、上海、广东等发达省市相比,天津市综合承栽力处于超载状态,自然资源承载量占优势,但经济资源水平有较大差距。（3）相对水资源承载力对相对自然资源承载力的贡献率基本在50％以上,水资源对其发展具有至关重要的作用。针对天津市相对承载力方面存在的问题,提出了天津实现可持续发展的对策建议：大力发展经济,保护和合理开发利用自然资源,保护生态环境,遏制环境恶化趋势,控制人口增长,不断协调人口、资源、环境和发展的矛盾,逐步走向可持续发展。     

灾害事件网络舆论监督多重性分析

5·12汶川地震发生后,网络媒介发挥了重要的舆论监督功能.其呈现出的多重性特点,在一定程度上改变了传统的社会舆论监督模式,成为传统媒体舆论监督的有力补充.本文分别从监督对象与内容、监督主体与方式、监督环节与效果三方面分析了其多重性的表现及其内在成因,并提出了相应的完善措施.     

粉煤灰对印染废水的吸附处理研究

研究了粉煤灰对印染废水吸附脱色处理效果,确定了最佳脱色条件和穿透曲线的特征,并探讨了其对印染废水CODcr的去除率。结果表明：对色度都为700倍、CODcr分别为664.2 mg/L、947.1 mg/L的红、蓝色印染废水,粉煤灰处理的最佳用量分别为18 g和16 g,最佳吸附接触时间分别为2.0 h和2.5 h,最佳pH5－7,穿透体积分别为115 mL和120 mL,脱色率均可达到95（以上;CODcr的去除率分别为81.5%和41.1%。     

Suppression pheromone and cockroach rank formation

Although agonistic behaviors in the male lobster cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea) are well known, the formation of an unstable hierarchy has long been a puzzle. In this study, we investigate how the unstable dominance hierarchy in N. cinerea is maintained via a pheromone signaling system. In agonistic interactions, aggressive posture (AP) is an important behavioral index of aggression. This study showed that, during the formation of a governing hierarchy, thousands of nanograms of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H-2B) were released by the AP-adopting dominant in the first encounter fight, then during the early domination period and that this release of 3H-2B was related to rank maintenance, but not to rank establishment. For rank maintenance, 3H-2B functioned as a suppression pheromone, which suppressed the fighting capability of rivals and kept them in a submissive state. During the period of rank maintenance, as the dominant male gradually decreased his 3H-2B release, the fighting ability of the subordinate gradually developed, as shown by the increasing odds of a subordinate adopting an AP (OSAP). The OSAP was negatively correlated with the amount of 3H-2B released by the dominant and positively correlated with the number of domination days. The same OSAP could be achieved earlier by reducing the amount of 3H-2B released by the dominant indicates that whether the subordinate adopts an offensive strategy depends on what the dominant is doing.     

氮素在土壤-作物中迁移转化的试验研究

为研究氮素在土壤和作物体系中的运移规律。本文开展土壤箱栽试验,分析农作物玉米在关中盆地3种不同类型土壤中对氮素的吸收以及土壤中氮素的迁移转化规律。结果表明,在试验初期,3种土壤中三氮主要以NH4＋的形式存在,随着农作物生长NH4＋含量减少,同时NO2-和NO3-含量均有不同程度的累积。作物收获后,土壤和作物体系中有相当数量的氮素残留,而且土壤中氮残留相对较高,导致氮素的损失率较大,流失的N素必将会对土壤、甚至地下水产生污染,因此建议该地区针对不同的土壤类型控制氮肥施用量,合理施用氮肥。     

饮用水消毒副产物分析及相关研究进展

饮用水消毒副产物（DBPs）是消毒剂和一些天然有机物（NOM）反应生成的化合物,主要包括三卤甲烷（THMs）、卤代G@（HAAs）、卤代乙腈（HANs）和致诱变化舍物（MX）4类。本文针对氯、氯胺、二氧化氯、臭氧4种主要消毒方式产生的消毒副产物,讨论了有关分析技术的发展过程,从DBPs的前处理技术、分析技术等角度,介绍了DBPs研究领域近期所取得的进展,并展望了今后研究的发展方向。     

基于直接进样-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法的水中2甲4氯残留测定

针对目前水体中MCPA检测灵敏度不够,缺乏一种无需前处理、可直接上机、简单便捷方法的问题,以超高液相色谱串联质谱仪,建立了一种以电喷雾离子源ESI-为电离模式、MRM为监测模式、可直接进样测定水体中MCPA残留的方法。结果表明,最优方法条件为定量离子对199.0/140.9(m/z),流动相乙腈和水梯度洗脱,色谱柱Acquity UPLC HSS T3。在MCPA质量浓度为0.1~100μg/L范围内线性良好(R2=99.99%),检出限为0.006μg/L,定量限为0.018μg/L,是现有直接进样法的23~83倍,完全满足水体中MCPA的检测要求(<0.1μg/L)。在添加水平为1~100μg/L时,回收率为94.30%~105.60%,相对标准偏差为1.05%~3.61%,具有前处理简单、准确性高、精密度好、灵敏度高等优点。     

Inorganic arsenic exposure and its relation to metabolic syndrome in an industrial area of Taiwan

Past arsenic exposure was found associated with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Metabolic syndrome has been shown as a strong predictor for diabetes occurrence. We aimed at examining the association of inorganic arsenic exposure and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The authors recruited 660 age and gender stratified random population of residents in central Taiwan during 2002-2003. They received home interviews and health examinations at local health care units, where blood and hair specimens were collected. Hair arsenic (H-As) concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following risk factors: elevated levels of blood pressure, plasma glucose, and triglycerides, also the body mass index, and reduced high-density lipoprotein. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased from the 2nd tertile (0.034 ug/g) of H-As levels (odds ratio=2.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-5.39, p=0.015) after the adjustment for age, gender, occupation and life styles including cigarette smoking. We further found linear relation between H-As concentrations and increased levels of plasma glucose and lipids, and blood pressures. This first report may help identify modifiable factors associated with diabetogenesis and cardiovascular disease progression and thus be worth following for community health.     

Evaluation of the infectivity, gene and antigenicity persistence of rotaviruses by free chlorine disinfection

The effects of free chlorine disinfection of tap water and wastewater effluents on the infectivity, gene integrity and surface antigens of rotaviruses were evaluated by a bench-scale chlorine disinfection experiments. Plaque assays, integrated cell culture-quantitative RT-PCR (ICC-RT-qPCR), RT-qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively, were used to assess the influence of the disinfectant on virus infectivity as well as genetic and antigenic integrity of simian rotavirus SA11 as a surrogate for human rotaviruses. The ICC-RT-qPCR was able to detect rotaviruses survival from chlorine disinfection at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), which suggested a required chlorine dose of 5 folds (from 1 to 5 mg/L) higher than that indicated by the plaque assay to achieve 1.8 log₁₀ reductions in tap water with 60 min exposing. The VP7 gene was more resistant than the infectivity and existed at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), while the antigencity was undetectable with chlorine dose more than 5 mg/L (60 min contact). The water quality also impacted the inactivation efficiencies, and rotaviruses have a relatively higher resistant in secondary effluents than in the tap water under the same chlorine disinfection treatments. This study indicated that rotaviruses have a higher infectivity, gene and antigencity resistance to chlorine than that previously indicated by plaque assay only, which seemed to underestimate the resistance of rotaviruses to chlorine and the risk of rotaviruses in environments. Present results also suggested that re-evaluation of resistance of other waterborne viruses after disinfections by more sensitive infectivity detection method (such as ICC-RT-qPCR) may be necessary, to determine the adequate disinfectant doses required for the inactivation of waterborne viruses.     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983-2007

The interaction between pollution sources change and implementation of air pollution control measures was the main driving factor that caused the variation in air quality.