论我国印刷行业的绿色转型

印刷业作为我国的传统产业,其规模已接近全球第二,但印刷过程中的环境问题一直制约着其发展。绿色印刷战略的提出和实施成为解决印刷行业绿色转型的一个突破口。本文介绍了我国绿色印刷战略的起源、政策支撑、实施及其成果,分析了绿色印刷工作开展中面临的问题,并提出相关建议。研究表明,进一步推动我国绿色印刷的政策建议如下:第一,完善绿色印刷标准;第二,加强推进绿色印刷认证工作;第三,提高企业认识、全员参与并将绿色印刷工作落到实处;第四,对获得绿色印刷认证的企业给予政策支持或财政补贴;第五,针对印刷加工全过程中所需纸张、油墨、胶黏剂、润版液、印版等原辅材料,加强各供应链环节的环境保护标准要求和控制。     

城市表层土壤磁化率与重金属含量分布的相关性研究

以西安城市表层土壤为对象,测定表层土壤样品的磁化率和Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sn、Sr、Ba的含量,探讨表层土壤Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sn、Sr、Ba含量与磁化率的空间分布规律及二者的相关性.研究表明,西安城市表层土壤重金属含量与磁化率均具有中等程度的变异水平,所测7种重金属元素的平均含量均高于西安市主要土壤类型———褐土表层土壤背景值;土壤中Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sn、Sr、Ba的含量均与低频磁化率(χLF)呈显著正相关,而与频率磁化率(χFD)呈显著负相关;土壤低频磁化率的空间分布与重金属Pb、Cu的变化趋势相似,频率磁化率则与Co、Cr、Ba等元素的空间变化趋势相反.污染评价结果显示,西安市土壤重金属处于中度污染,污染负荷指数的空间变化与磁化率指标高度相关.因此土壤磁化率可作为研究城市土壤重金属污染的辅助手段.     

降低煤气吹脱解吸剩余氨水中碱耗量的研究

针对目前煤气吹脱解吸法处理焦化剩余氨水的过程中,碱的耗量较高的现状,结合具有专利技术的复合解吸塔,通过现场中试试验,研究了增加保温装置,改变加碱的位置,并适当增加了废水的停留时间的影响。最佳操作条件为:中位加碱,吹脱次数n=3,煤气温度T g=70℃,废水温度T w=90℃,pH=11,表面活性剂加入量ρ=10 mg/L,气液比q=350∶1,处理后的废水氨氮含量为248.2 mg/L,氨氮去除率可达到92.75%。最终的碱耗量为5.9 kg/m3,比原来的碱耗量降低了46.36%。     

Vertical diversity of sediment bacterial communities in two different trophic states of the eutrophic Lake Taihu, China

Vertical diversity of sediment bacterial communities in 2 different trophic states (macrophyte-dominated and algae-dominated) of the large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Clustering analysis of DGGE profiles showed that different clusters were recognized in different depths of sediment cores in the 2 lake trophic states. Analyses of the bacterial diversity, as estimated by the Shannon index (H'), showed that different sediment layers of the macrophyte-dominated state had higher diversity than the algae-dominated state. In addition, bacterial diversity of the sediment in the macrophyte-dominated state changed abruptly throughout the layers, but bacterial diversity of the algae-dominated state decreased gradually with sediment depth. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the middle sediment of the 2 lake trophic states. In the macrophyte-dominated state, clone sequences related to Betaproteobacteria (50.0%) were the most abundant, followed by Epsilonproteobacteria (21.1%), Acidobacteria (7.9%), Deltaproteobacteria (7.9%), Chloroflexi (7.9%), and Bacteroidetes (5.3%); whereas in the algae-dominated state, sequences affiliated with Betaproteobacteria (84.4%) were predominant, followed by Deltaproteobacteria (12.5%) and Acidobacteria (3.1%). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that organic matter and pH play key roles in driving the vertical changes of bacterial community composition.     

采用膜污染指数评估天然有机物在低压超滤膜中的污染行为

针对超滤膜的过滤特性,采用膜污染指数（FI）来研究天然有机物（NOM）的膜污染行为.实验中,腐殖酸（HA）、牛血清蛋白（BSA）以及海藻酸钠（NaAlg）被用作模型有机物进行超滤膜污染研究.结果表明,NOM-膜滤先后经过快反应和慢反应污染阶段,其中快反应膜污染指数（TFIF）远大于慢反应膜污染指数（TFIS）.说明短时间内NOM容易在低压膜上积累,造成通量迅速下降,引起较为严重的污染.因此,反应最初阶段,低压膜与有机物的作用决定了整个膜污染的趋势.经过水力清洗,通量有一定恢复,膜阻力降低,能够去除部分污染物,但仍有少量有机物附着在膜丝,从而造成不可逆污染.3种有机物造成的不可逆污染比例依次为BSA〉HA〉NaAlg,而通过化学清洗后,其不可逆污染比例依次为：NaAlg〉BSA〉HA,腐殖酸和蛋白容易造成不可逆污染,但碱洗易于除去,多糖造成的不可逆污染相对较轻,但碱洗难以去除.污染物与膜之间的相互作用可能是造成污染的主要原因.总的说来,FI计算方法简单,能够综合描述膜污染情况,具有一定的应用价值.     

Developing China's roadmap for air quality improvement: A review on technology development and future prospects

Air pollution control policies in China have been experiencing profound changes, highlighting a strategic transformation from total pollutant emission control to air quality improvement, along with the shifting targets starting from acid rain and NO_x emissions to PM_2.5 pollution, and then the emerging O₃ challenges. The marvelous achievements have been made with the dramatic decrease of SO₂ emission and fundamental improvement of PM_2.5 concentration. Despite these achievements, China has proposed Beautiful China target through 2035 and the goal of 2030 carbon peak and 2060 carbon neutrality, which impose stricter requirements on air quality and synergistic mitigation with Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Against this background, an integrated multi-objective and multi-benefit roadmap is required to provide decision support for China's long-term air quality improvement strategy. This paper systematically reviews the technical system for developing the air quality improvement roadmap, which was integrated from the research output of China's National Key R&D Program for Research on Atmospheric Pollution Factors and Control Technologies (hereafter Special NKP), covering mid- and long-term air quality target setting techniques, quantitative analysis techniques for emission reduction targets corresponding to air quality targets, and pathway optimization techniques for realizing reduction targets. The experience and lessons derived from the reviews have implications for the reformation of China's air quality improvement roadmap in facing challenges of synergistic mitigation of PM_2.5 and O₃, and the coupling with climate change mitigation.     

地铁枢纽车站大客流疏散性能评估及策略优化研究*

为分析大型地铁枢纽车站人员疏散通过能力、疏散瓶颈位置和车站疏散策略优化方案,利用数值模拟研究某大型整体式站厅枢纽换乘车站人员疏散过程。研究结果表明:楼扶梯和出入口是车站疏散过程中的关键瓶颈,当疏散通过能力较大的出入口E或楼扶梯组8停止使用时,导致站厅疏散时长和站台疏散时长大幅增加;采用引导乘客均匀使用各楼扶梯疏散以及站厅增加应急出口等优化措施,可显著提高车站疏散效率。     

环境NGO介入环境公益诉讼的必要性和复杂性研究

环境NGO在环保活动中已成为不可忽视的重要力量.随着2015年中国新环保法的颁布,环境NGO已经具备发起环境公益诉讼的主体资格,但由于中国环境NGO自身能力不足,完成诉讼仍存在困难.文章以环境NGO介入环境公益诉讼活动为研究对象,研究了现有环保NGO介入环境公益诉讼的现模式,并分析了环保NGO介入环境公益诉讼的必要性与复杂性,指出要提升NGO介入环境公益诉讼的能力,必须从培育环境公益诉讼意识、加强自身能力改造及破解资金难题等方面着手.     

Impact of rhizosphere microorganisms on arsenic (As) transformation and accumulation in a traditional Chinese medical plant

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Panax notoginseng is an important traditional medicinal plant, but the commercial value is threatened by root-rot disease caused by rhizosphere...     

Eco-innovation in SMEs: a scientometric review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, the research of SMEs’ eco-innovation (EI) has gained attention on an international scale. However, only a few studies provide a...