电视、中波发射塔对电磁辐射环境的影响

通过对包头市城区历年的电磁环境监测,以及电视和中波发射塔周围电磁辐射情况,了解其环境质量状况和主要污染源。历年环境监测综合场强为0.30~0.47 V/m,年平均值为0.41 V/m。而广播和电视发射塔因距离而异,它们综合场强均值分别为1.26~3.43 V/m、1.44~5.34 V/m。虽然这些监测值都在标准限值之内,但可以看出广播和电视发射塔对电磁辐射综合场强的影响极大。     

BS EN ISO 20345：2011《个体防护装备安全鞋》标准的解析和建议

本文通过对最新的BS EN ISO 20345：2011《个体防护装备安全鞋》标准的列表介绍和概括性分析,找出了新标准检测项目仍存在的遗留问题和未考虑到的缺陷以及需要界定的术语,并提出了今后标准的再修订意见。此再修订意见的给出,为推动今后与安全鞋标准BS EN ISO 20345：2011属于同一体系的我国GB 21148-2007《个体防护装备安全鞋》标准修订提供参考意见。     

桂林中小河流洪涝气象风险预警系统设计

基于自动站、数值预报和雷达估测降水等多种雨量资料,利用ArcGIS技术提取河流的经纬度、流域范围,利用泰森多边形技术计算流域面雨量,结合对桂林中小河流域的历史暴雨洪涝风险个例分析结果,确定临界面雨量,建立桂林中小河流域洪涝灾害风险等级预警系统。利用数学内插技术进行雨量精细化插值,实现全市100多个水库、200多条河流关键点的雨量监测、预报、预警。利用Web和GIS技术实现桂林中小河流洪涝预警网页发布。     

双齿许水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus dubia)对亚热带虾池Cu和Zn富集的研究

重金属污染是对虾养殖环境主要污染现象之一,查明重金属在环境中的迁移规律对养殖水质调控和对虾健康养殖具有重要意义。本文采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定在不同暴露时间下双齿许水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus dubia) 对Cu和Zn的富集量,研究了双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn富集动力学,并探讨了温度和盐度对其富集的影响。结果表明：双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn的富集过程均经历了快速、慢速和平衡3个阶段,实验24 h达到富集平衡;双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn的富集动力学参数k_1(Cu)=0.077 < k_1(Zn)=0.272,BCF_(Cu)=0.344 < BCF_(Zn)=2.252,双齿许水蚤对Zn的富集速率和富集能力均大于Cu。温度对双齿许水蚤Cu和Zn富集的影响显著(p <0.05),最适温度范围为15~30 ℃;盐度对双齿许水蚤Zn富集的影响极显著(p <0.01),而对Cu富集的影响不显著(p >0.05),对Cu和Zn适宜的富集盐度范围为5~35。这些研究结果表明,双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn均具有较强的富集能力。基于以上研究结果,在对虾养殖期间,应通过循环过滤设施去除受到重金属污染池塘中的浮游动物,从而减少幼虾对其摄食和量度体重金属的积累,降低食品安全隐患。     

Removal of 17β-estradiol in laccase catalyzed treatment processes

The removal of 17β-estradiol （E2） in laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling processes was systematically studied in this work. We focused on the influence of pH and natural organic matter （NOM） on the performance of the enzymatic treatment processes. It was found that the optimal pH for E2 removal was between 4 and 6. The removal of E2 was slightly inhibited in the presence of NOM. Enzymatic transformation of E2 was second-order in kinetics with first-order to both the concentrations of the enzyme and contaminant. Mass spectrum （MS） analysis suggested that coupling products were formed through radical-radical coupling mechanism. The results of this study demonstrated that laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling process could potentially serve as a treatment strategy to control steroid estrogens.     

A model of 90Sr distribution in the sea near Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in China

The impact on the environment ofradionuclide release from nuclear power plants has attracted increased attention, especially after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. Based on the mechanisms of adsorption/desorption at solid/liquid interfaces and a surface micromorphology model of sediments, a theoretical expression of the distribution coefficient Kd is derived. This coefficient has significant effects on the distribution of radionuclide in seawater, suspended sediment and seabed sediment. Kd is then used to simulate ^90Sr transport in the sea near the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. The simulation results are compared with field measurements of tidal level, current velocity, suspended sediment concentration and ^90Sr concentrations in the same period. Overall, the simulated results agree well with the field measured data. Thus, the derived expression for Ka is capable of interpreting realistic adsorption/desorption processes. What＇s more, conclusion is drawn that about 40% ^90Sr released by Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant will be adsorbed by suspended sediment and 20% by seabed sediment, only about 40% ^90St will remain in the sea near Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in South China Sea.     

合流制雨水泵站溢流污水消毒试验研究

论述了合流制排水系统污水溢流消毒处理的必要性。提出采用粪大肠杆菌群数≤104个/L作为污水消毒的卫生学指标。试验结果表明,达到CSO紧急消毒要求的几种氧化性消毒剂最佳投加量为次氯酸钠30mg/L,次氯酸钙25mg/L,二氧化氯20mg/L(均以有效氯计);二氧化氯>次氯酸钙>次氯酸钠>双氧水。     

雷管自动装配线上袋式除尘器的设计和研究

以军民两用雷管主要填充物黑索金为研究对象,详细论述了小型低压脉冲袋式除尘器在雷管自动装配线上的应用,及该结构中几个关键点的设计。     

对突发环境事件应急立法的思考

建立突发环境事件应急法律体系,是一项复杂的系统工程,需要较长时间.而目前急需综合性的和可操作的法律规范,对突发环境事件予以规制.因此,可行的办法是尽快制定过渡性的《突发环境事件应急条例》制定该条例必须把握突发环境事件的内涵与现状,理清现行相关法律规范,以确立条例的宗旨,调整范围和原则,并在此基础上建立完善的突发环境事件应急法律制度.     

二氧化钛颗粒的制备及其脱硫吸附性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)在不同烧结温度(340℃,440℃,540℃,640℃)下制备了4种多孔TiO₂颗粒,X射线衍射法(XRD)测得4种样品的晶相均为锐钛矿型.低温77K氮气吸附法计算4种样品的比表面积为79～124m²/g,平均孔径56.8～254.8 A.电子扫描电镜分析了样品的表面结构为多孔高孔隙率结构在固定床中对4种样品进行动态脱硫试验,试验结果表明烧结温度在540℃时制备的样品品质较好,每g TiO₂颗粒可吸附38.9mg的SO₂.以SG 540样品为例,研究了固定床中吸附温度,气相中SO2的浓度以及气体流速对其脱硫吸附性能的影响.与活性炭、沸石物理吸附剂比较,TiO₂颗粒具有较高的脱硫吸附能力.FTIR红外光谱分析法,结合加热脱附试验的结果,得知TiO₂颗粒吸附剂脱硫的机理主要是物理吸附.