真菌生物滤池净化苯乙烯废气的研究

采用接种Aspergillus candidus和Penicillium frequentans的真菌生物滤池处理苯乙烯废气,考察苯乙烯在生物滤池中的净化效果和物质转化特性。苯乙烯的进气质量浓度为200～800 mg/m3,气体流量分别为0.28,0.38和0.48 m3/h,对应的气体停留时间分别为60,45和35 s。试验结果表明:苯乙烯在真菌生物滤池中有较好的处理效果,最大去除能力达66.78 g/(m3.h),真菌生物滤池中二氧化碳的产生量和苯乙烯去除量呈线性关系。微生物分析结果表明,接种的Aspergillus candidus和Penicillium frequentans在反应器内能够长期保持优势地位。     

污水处理厂出水中雌激素活性物质浓度与生态风险水平

再生水在环境和景观水体利用中,由微量有毒有害污染物,特别是内分泌干扰物引起的长期生态风险备受关注. 以再生水生态风险控制为目的,对城市污水处理厂出水(再生水)中雌激素活性物质浓度分布情况进行了研究,归纳了8种雌激素活性物质的出水浓度水平,比较分析了各物质的雌激素活性和生态风险. 结果表明:8种物质的质量浓度分布在ng/L～μg/L,其中ρ(类固醇)最低,为nd～50 ng/L;ρ(酚类)及ρ(酞酸酯类)主要在μg/L水平,个别高达40 μg/L. 雌激素活性分析和生态风险评价结果表明,污水处理厂出水(再生水)中3类雌激素活性物质的雌激素活性和生态风险顺序均为类固醇物质＞酚类物质＞酞酸酯类物质. 城市污水再生处理厂应优先控制乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、雌酮(E1)和雌三醇(E3)等3种雌激素活性物质.      

预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺处理再生纸废水

介绍了预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺在再生纸废水处理工程中的应用。运行结果表明:该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,进水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)分别为1542,654,2254mg/L时,出水分别为77,38,22mg/L,系统出水水质达GB3544-2001《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》。     

Perception of people for the risk of Tianwan nuclear power plant

A questionnaire survey of residents’ risk perceptions related to Taiwan nuclear power plant in China was carried out to explore the determining factors that affect individual risk perception. This study proposed to pursue a more comprehensive understanding of factors that affected individual risk perception to nuclear power plants. Covariance structure analysis was conducted using risk perceptions of nuclear power as dependent variable and including interest and knowledge levels of nuclear power, acceptability, benefit perception, trust in nuclear power operation, and trust in government as independent variables. The use of the hypothesis of Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) was also proposed. The results showed that persons with higher levels of interest and knowledge of nuclear power had their own perceptions of risk closely associated with acceptability and potential benefits of nuclear power. In contrast, persons with no interest in and knowledge of nuclear power would have risk perceptions related to their trust in nuclear operation and the government, which partially supported the ELM hypothesis. All these results indicated that the government in China plays an important role in rational risk perceptions, and well-designed communication of risks will help the public to be involved in risk management and improve people’s rational acceptance of risk.     

Influence of coal particles on methane/air mixture ignition in a heated environment

The temperature at which coal dust glows is normally much lower than the auto-ignition temperature (AIT) of methane/air mixtures, and thus a better understanding is needed regarding methane/air ignition in a heated environment in the presence of coal particles. A horizontal tube apparatus was used to test the effect of brown coal and two kinds of bituminous and anthracite on methane/air combustibility. For the four coal samples tested, the presence of coal particles significantly reduced the minimum temperature for ignition of methane/air mixtures in a heated environment. No. 1 bituminous coal with 12 mm diameter decreased the ignition temperature value from 595 to 500 °C. It is thought that pre-ignition of low-AIT volatiles emitted from the heated coal particles ignited the methane/air mixtures. Volatiles, sulfur content, and large porosity of piled coal particles all enhanced ignition of methane/air mixtures in a hot environment, while water content and small particle size reduced ignition. For anthracite, no ignition occurred when temperatures of the heated environment were lower than the AIT of methane (595 °C), except for the 12-mm-diameter sample. Anthracite did not readily ignite methane/air mixtures and the ignition mechanism was somewhat similar to that of a burning cigarette.     

Impact of work boots and load carriage on the gait of oil rig workers

Effects of work boots and load carriage (6.4?kg and 12.8?kg) on gait pattern were investigated. The protective work boots were examined by comparison with running shoes through human performance tests with 15 male participants. The loads were carried symmetrically and asymmetrically on the shoulder and hand. Statistical data analysis showed a prolonged stance phase and decreased double support for work boots. A significantly increased ground reaction force was found in work boot conditions as the weight of loads increases. This study demonstrates that inflexible and heavy work boots restrict foot movement and require greater torque at the ankle to propel the body forward, which may increase physical strain and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Development of improved fixation methods for work boots, increased use of flexible protective layers and further study of anthropometry of human foot morphology for improved safety and work efficiency of industry workers are suggested.     

人体装甲测试用模拟破片的应用与发展

模拟破片是人体装甲防弹性能测试评价的主要试验弹体.本文对人体装甲和模拟破片进行了阐释,分析了模拟破片的应用背景,对国内外现状进行了对比分析,对标准模拟破片的确定以及爆炸破片的发展进行了探讨,提出了开展新型模拟破片及其测试技术研究的重要意义.     

论以市场为主导的生态补偿法律制度

通过对政府补偿模式与市场补偿模式的比较协调来分析生态补偿市场化制度的合理逻辑性,结合浙江生态补偿实践经验及存在的诸如法律位阶不高、补偿形式单一、资金来源狭窄等问题,进一步提出了完善立法、以“造血型”生态补偿为主的补偿方式、拓宽生态补偿资金来源等完善生态补偿市场化的合理建议。     

改性硅藻土陶瓷生物膜载体的制备及性能研究

主要对硅藻土的烧结改性进行了进一步的研究,并对改性硅藻土用于污水处理系统生物膜的载体制作进行参数研究。通过设置适宜的污水水力学特性、良好的载体挂膜性能表征、实验运行稳定性等多方面进行对比实验,得出最佳生物膜挂膜性能的改性硅藻土陶瓷生物膜载体。     

废钻井液固化剂的筛选实验

针对目前许多废钻井液固化剂产品达不到降低污染物浓度的要求,而效果较好的产品价格昂贵,处理成本高,难以推广使用的问题,选取了9种固化剂进行固化实验,通过针入度测定仪、固化效果比对,参考相应市场价格,筛选出经济效益较高的固化剂,为同行业开展固化处理提供参考和借鉴。